The motion sensor for turning on the light turns on itself. Motion sensor to turn on the light. Types of motion sensors for turning on lights

20.02.2019

Today, street lighting is of interest mainly to residents of the private sector or holiday villages. For apartment buildings Street lighting is handled by city services.

But for summer residents and people living in private houses, great solution There will be an installation of a street motion sensor to automatically turn on the lights in the garden plot.

Such a street device is practically irreplaceable; it immediately solves several problems, not only regarding street lighting, but also the possibility of protecting private property.

Range of choice

Today there is a tendency towards increasing penetration into our daily life all kinds of technical innovations. Thus, sensors that respond to motion are increasingly appearing in our homes and on the streets. Using such devices, you can automate the process of lighting any room or street.

Sensor response to various kinds movement is widely used on the streets of cities and villages. This allows you to make movement on streets and roads safer and more comfortable.

This sensor is a small plastic device that can be installed on the street almost anywhere.

Note! The choice of location should be made based on the requirements of the device. The motion sensor must have a wide range of operation in order to adequately and fully perform its functions of switching on Sveta.

Instrument placement

All street sensors, responding to various types of movements, belong to external devices. They can only be installed outdoors. Therefore, unlike internal devices, can withstand low temperatures.

Outdoor equipment of this kind, unlike indoor sensors, has an increased angular coverage of 180 degrees.

A sensor for turning on street lights, just like internal devices, can be of the following types:

Microwave, Ultrasonic,
Infrared

microwave. The device captures a signal in a certain range like a locator;

ultrasonic. Its operating principle is to detect changes in the reflection of ultrasound from objects. In terms of its organization, it is recognized as the most accessible and simple;

infrared. It works on the principle of a sensitive thermometer and responds to changes in temperature in the serviced area. It can be adjusted to human body temperature, which will avoid possible activation of the device when passing near a pet.

On the electronic device market you can find two types of infrared motion sensors for turning on street lights:

active. Such a sensor is very often used for lighting and protecting the perimeter of a house, as well as a fence;
passive. This type The device is better suited for protecting wide areas. They are placed in front of the front door or at the gate.

It is also necessary to know that sensors for turning on street lights when movement occurs in the area of their operation may vary depending on the installation location:

ceiling;
wall

As you can see, the range of choice is quite large. Therefore, when purchasing a device, you should think through all the details of its further use and placement in order to buy what you need.

Selection options

To do right choice The entire available range should be assessed according to the following indicators:

location;
fastening method;
degree of security;
power and range of equipment;
dimensions and dimensions;
the boundaries within which the signal should be triggered;

Note! It is important to remember that the motion sensor can only monitor the area it can see. At the same time, any light structures, of which there are plenty on the street, can reduce the viewing radius: a cornice, a fence element, hanging lamp etc.

the ability to fine-tune the operating parameters of the device. Interestingly, some sensors can even be triggered by human breathing.

In addition, the choice should be made based on the following parameters:

Device placement

high quality lighting. There should be just enough light to illuminate the required area;
speed of turning on the lighting in the presence of movement;
aesthetic lighting and appearance of the device;
durability.

Having assessed the available offer on the market or a specialized store according to the above parameters, your choice will be the most optimal and will fully satisfy all your needs.

It is important to note that the sensor must be able to connect not only to the lighting device, but also to other equipment, for example, to sound equipment. This is especially important for the street, since as a result you will not only get the lights automatically turned on at night, but also an alarm.

Where are they used?

The main purpose of a motion sensor, as you might guess, is to turn on the lights on the street at night. This function is very popular in the following situations:

in holiday villages where there are problems with street lighting by local authorities;
lighting personal plot at night, without the need for mechanical connection of lighting;
lighting in hard to reach places buildings remote from the main house;
as a device that informs about the entry of strangers into the territory. In this case, the sensor turns on the light and activates the sound signal;
lighting of storage rooms, garages and other outbuildings.

In addition, automating the switching on of lighting when there is movement in a given area allows you to save energy. And this is very important, because in Lately the electricity bill is increasing.

How the device works

As noted above, the principle of operation of the motion sensor is that the device reads a certain signal, depending on the model, and closes the electrical circuit, which leads to the light turning on.

Principle of operation

The operating algorithm of the device consists of the following stages:

the device reads signals coming from the controlled area;
when changes (movement) are detected, the signal enters the capturing matrix, and the device closes the electrical circuit;

Note! A special capturing matrix - a Fresnel lens (photocell) - can act as a signal receiving sensor.

closing the circuit turns on the light.

Any street sensor for detecting movement and turning on lighting works on the principle of continuous monitoring of the selected viewing area.

All street motion sensors operate on this principle. Moreover, each device can be configured individually, which eliminates the possibility of it being activated by pets. But in this case, you should remember that the light can be turned on by vehicles passing by or just a passerby.

Separately, it is worth noting that during its operation, the street sensor also checks the level of illumination of the controlled space. So, if movement was detected during daylight hours, the light will not turn on.

Having an assessment of the controlled area for illumination allows you to save energy and receive automatic lighting only when needed - at night. At the same time, false alarms of the sensor can be minimized as much as possible with the help of correct settings.

Settings

Motion sensors are adjusted using special potentiometers, which come in three types:

time. That is, this is the time interval during which the device will operate. Typically this parameter is set in the range of 5-10 s. Correctly selected delay time will avoid unnecessary activation of equipment. The time interval depends on the model purchased;
sensitivity. The speed of the equipment’s reaction to movement in the control zone depends on how much higher this parameter is. In a situation where frequent idle triggering occurs, the sensitivity of the sensor should be reduced. In order to determine the desired sensitivity of the equipment, an average of three adjustments are necessary;

Note! Sensitivity adjustments are made depending on the time of year.

illumination level. You select the level of illumination to which the device will respond by turning on.

Having made the correct settings, the sensor will operate without failure, just like a watch.

Installation of the device

Street sensor connects to the electrical network in the same way as a regular switch. It is better to have professionals handle the connection, but you can do it yourself if you understand electricity.

The connection procedure is as follows:

turn off the electricity;
open the device by removing the protective cover;
connect according to the required diagram;

Connection diagram

connect the cable from the sensor to general wiring Houses. The connection takes place through a junction box;
After that, we install sensors that respond to light levels. In everyday life they are called twilight switches. After connecting and setting them up, the device will only operate at night.

As you can see, the choice of street sensors that respond to movement by turning on the lights is quite extensive and requires scrupulousness. But then you will be able to fully appreciate its advantages and comfort from automated connection Sveta. But do not forget that the key to success here is not only the right choice, but also proper installation.

Homemade switching power supplies with regulators Overview and connection of the electrical panel for external lighting fixtures

Connecting lighting through a motion sensor allows you not only to save energy, but also to add comfort and convenience to our homes. Selection of installation location, connection diagrams and verification are not required high level qualifications, so almost every home master can do this.

Ceiling sensors with all-round visibility are usually mounted in the center of the room, or at its highest point. There are many more installation options for wall-mounted units.

For staircase lighting

In an apartment building, it is best to come to an agreement with all residents of the entrance and install a common lighting system for all its spans. If such agreement cannot be achieved, personal lighting can be done front door into the apartment, installing a sensor above it and setting it to minimum sensitivity, only upon direct approach.

IN country house or in a cottage, you can install a staircase lighting system that turns on the lamps sequentially as you move along it. In the minimum version, only two devices are required: below and above.

In the utility room

In the technical room of the house, in the garage, storage room or other similar places, it is most advisable to install a light switch combined with a motion sensor, which is best mounted opposite the front door so that it is triggered when it opens.
When entering the room, the lighting will turn on for a time sufficient to switch it to constant mode. It is possible to organize separate systems: a low-power duty lamp is turned on from the sensor, and the main lighting is turned on independently with its own switch.

For street lighting

Externally, sensors and lighting fixtures can be installed above entrance gate, entrance to a house, garage, bathhouse, gazebo or other premises. You can install separate sensors for each street lamp in the garden or on the path near the house. For street lighting purposes, sensors with an external brightness analyzer should be used, operating only at dusk.

Now on the lighting market you can find options for LED lamps for outdoor lighting, combined with solar panels and motion sensors. They do not require external power supply lines. There are also cordless models that run on batteries or rechargeable batteries. For the same purposes rational use electricity is installed at home.

The sensors have plastic housings that must be protected from shock or other damage. Particular care should be taken when handling the plastic Fresnel lens, which is an important constituent element optical system device.

At outdoor installation Care must be taken to ensure that devices are not exposed to direct sunlight and atmospheric precipitation. In such cases, it is better to provide for the installation of protective visors for them. It should also be taken into account that in windy weather the sensors can be triggered by the movement of branches located near trees.

Indoors, these devices are not recommended to be placed close to heating devices. It is advisable that hot radiators or stoves also do not fall into their field of vision. To do this, you can adjust the height and vertical angle of the device accordingly.

Not all motion sensors work correctly with LED and fluorescent lamps.

This is especially true for those that have a thyristor or triac switching element at the output. Those working with a conventional electromechanical relay do not have such problems. Therefore, when purchasing, you should definitely consult the seller about this feature.

When performing any work with mains voltage, safety regulations must be strictly observed. When connecting the power wires to the devices, it is necessary to de-energize them using the switch on the power panel or by unscrewing the fuse plugs. If you are not completely confident in the correct, accurate and safe implementation of all procedures for installing devices, it is better to entrust this to professional craftsmen.

How to connect an infrared motion sensor - detailed instructions

To mount the device, it is necessary to choose a location that provides the best viewing angles both horizontally and vertically with a maximum coverage area. Most infrared motion sensors have a dead zone, the location of which should be taken into account when choosing their height and angle of inclination. If the sensor is made in a fixed housing and does not have positioning adjustment, then you need to check technical passport, for correct placement of the device.

Mounting the device on the wall must be reliable, allowing for its subsequent orientation in space.

Before connecting the motion sensor to the light, you should unscrew back cover and carefully study the attached connection diagram. Unlike a conventional light bulb, this device usually requires not only a phase, but also a neutral wire.

Did you know that the answer to the question is not so clear-cut.
And the seemingly simple process of connecting a switch to a regular light bulb requires taking into account many different nuances - from installing electrical wiring to installing the light bulb in the wall. All details can be studied.

And if there is a protective ground connection terminal inside, then it is necessary to ensure its presence at the installation site. Therefore, conventional lighting network wiring is not suitable for connecting the device. It is necessary to reconnect the wires in distribution box or connect an additional wire from the box or outlet.

Deciding on a suitable motion sensor installation scheme

Inside the device there is usually a terminal block with standard colored and labeled contacts:

L, brown or black - phase wire.
N, blue - neutral wire.
A, Ls or L’, red - phase return to the lighting lamps.
⊥, yellow-green - protective grounding.

Lighting connections should be made between pins A and N. Power supply electrical network apply to L and N, strictly observing the phase connection.

One sensor

Classic standard connection scheme.

With switch

Allows you to bypass the sensor by applying voltage directly to the lighting fixture.

Multiple sensors

Typically used for rooms with complex configurations, long corridors and passages, staircases.

In addition to connection contacts, many models of infrared sensors have adjustment controls:

DAY LIGHT or LUX - sensitivity threshold for illumination.
TIME - trigger timer.
SENSE - sensitivity.

How to check whether devices are connected correctly

It is best to check the functionality of these devices before installing them by connecting them according to a temporary circuit. Especially it concerns simple models, which do not have any regulatory bodies. If after installation they do not work as expected, it is most likely due to incorrect installation.

More complex samples of devices can also be checked for their serviceability by assembling a temporary connection diagram and setting the light threshold control to the maximum position and the timer to the minimum.

If the device has an indicator LED, then there is no need to even connect the load; turning it on when motion is detected by the sensor will indicate that the device is working. If the switch in the device is an electromagnetic relay, then its clicking will also indicate the serviceability of the device. After execution installation work It is imperative to carry out the procedure for adjusting the motion sensor for lighting.

Setting up and adjusting motion sensors for lighting

All customizable parameters are set strictly individually in each specific room. As a rule, after initial installation More precise adjustment of the parameters is required during operation until the most suitable values are determined.

The usual limits for adjusting the timer response time are set in most devices from a few seconds to ten minutes. The photosensitivity threshold can only be set in devices that have an appropriate light sensor. It determines the daylight brightness at which the device stops supplying voltage to the lighting fixtures.

Setting the sensor sensitivity is the most subtle and capricious setting. In any case, the sensor should respond to the appearance of a person in the room, and not pets. When changing the viewing angle of a device, it is often necessary to also adjust its sensitivity.

Video on how to properly connect a motion sensor

A motion sensor is a detection device that is convenient to use in conjunction with an alarm system, lighting devices, a video peephole, a hood, sound and other equipment.

The principle of operation is that the sensor, which detects the presence of an object in its coverage area, transmits power to the device connected to it.

The most common are motion sensors for turning on lights (for example). They are used in garages, basements, staircases, in the corridors, in front of the entrance, for the local area.

Criterias of choice

In order not to make a mistake in choosing a sensor for automatically turning on lighting devices, you will need to delve a little into the technology of their operation and know exactly the following:

Motion sensors

The detection zone cannot cover the entire room, so to plan it correctly, you need to determine a place with the specified visibility parameters and install the device at the height recommended by the manufacturer.

Operating principle and advantages

The operation of the device is based on closing the power circuit when detecting movement in the control zone. Indication occurs via various technologies, depending on the operating principle of the motion sensor. For example, infrared detects changes in the level of thermal radiation (increase in temperature environment more than 5 degrees Celsius).

The street sensor will ensure the safety of movement in dark time days

Motion sensor on the switch

The use of motion sensors to turn on lights provides the following advantages:

energy savings;
no need to look for and approach the switch;
usage additional functions: the ability to connect groups of additional electrical devices; many models feature wireless operation.

The disadvantages of such sensors include the rather high cost and complexity of installing and configuring the sensors for proper operation.

Difference from presence sensor

Ordinary people do not always clearly understand the difference between motion sensors and presence sensors. And the difference lies in the technology itself for determining the presence of an object in the zone. So, The motion sensor is not always able to “notice” a slowly moving object. But presence sensors have the disadvantage of reacting even to a draft or small rodents when used in warehouses.

Types of motion sensors for turning on lights

When choosing a device, you need to have an idea of the types of sensors and their features. Motion sensors differ according to the location of installation, operating principle, type of power supply and other criteria.

At the installation location:

street;
for premises.

to turn on the light can work in wide ranges up to 500 meters inclusive. Big square More expensive professional devices may have sensitivity. Outdoor sensors are resistant to temperature changes.

Room (household)– are not protected from temperature changes, so they fail when installed outdoors.

Mount outdoor sensor possible with brackets different types both on walls and ceilings, and on internal or outside corner. Built-in - installed in boxes for installation under a switch, or, alternatively, under a lamp in a prepared hole in the ceiling.

By food type:

from the network;
from battery;
from batteries.

According to the technology used:

infrared;
ultrasonic;
microwave.

Infrared

This device is a sensitive thermometer. When an object with the temperature it is set to appears in its range of action, the device turns on the light. The correct operation of the infrared sensor can be interfered with by air flows coming from radiators and air conditioners.

False alarms are possible in the presence of warm-blooded animals. All this must be taken into account when installing the sensor and setting its operating parameters. Mainly used indoors as it is sensitive to change weather conditions and direct exposure to sunlight.

Ultrasonic

It first emits sound waves in the frequency range of 20 to 60 kHz. The reflected sound is then captured and analyzed by the sensor. When the frequencies of the reflected signal shift, the sensor detects the presence of a moving object in its coverage area and turns on the lighting. The range of ultrasonic sensors is not high, they may not work when objects move slowly.

The use of technologies using ultrasound is unacceptable in areas where pets live. Animal hearing is different from human hearing. From permanent sound exposure animals get nervous and become aggressive. They may experience mental disorders, changes in character, and disobedience.

Microwave

The operating principle of a microwave motion sensor is similar to an ultrasonic one, but uses an electromagnetic wave instead of a sound one. Small dimensions allow you to hide the device during installation. The range of this type of sensor can be very large and depends on the power of the microwave transmitter and the sensitivity of the receiver.

The operation of the sensor is not affected by the environment. It can cover rooms even behind a partition. The biggest disadvantages of this device are its price, high sensitivity, which causes it to trigger when moving outside the intended detection zone, and the harm of long-term exposure to microwaves on humans and animals.

Connection to lighting fixture

Connecting motion sensors is not technically a difficult job, but it is specific and requires experience and special knowledge. It is preferable to turn to specialists for such a service. If installed incorrectly, false alarms or blocking may occur.

Key points to consider during installation:

providing a detection zone;
defence from external factors, capable of causing false alarms or blocking of operation;
connection to electrical wiring.

Installing the sensor yourself

Motion sensors are connected using a terminal. Usually the terminals have 3 pins, less often – 4.

Terminal marking:

L– phase (for brown or red wires);
N– zero (blue wire);
L with a stroke or arrow, or a letter A– for a lighting device;
RE– protective grounding.

Wire colors may differ from the standard, so the most reliable way– determine phase or zero using an indicator.

Connection diagrams

There are several basic schemes for connecting sensors to lighting:

sequential;
parallel;
for several motion sensors;
using a magnetic starter.

With a serial connection, lighting control is completely transferred to the motion sensor.

In cases where it is necessary to turn on the light for a long time, and the object will not be in the sensor detection zone, a switch is installed parallel to the sensor. An example of such a need would be the use of a motion sensor in a garage with an inspection pit.

While in a hole, or doing repairs under a car, a person still needs lighting, but his movements are not captured by the device. After finishing work, you need to manually turn off the light with the switch, but it will turn on again thanks to the motion sensor and turn off after the object leaves the detection zone.

In long or large rooms there is a need to install several motion sensors and connect them to lighting. Under these conditions, the sensors are connected in parallel and from one phase. The activation of one of the sensors closes the circuit and turns on the lighting in the entire corridor.

The use of a magnetic starter is mandatory when connecting several powerful lamps or additional electrical equipment.

Sensor check and adjustment after installation

Motion sensors designed to turn on lighting fixtures have the following set of adjustable parameters:

LUX– illumination indoors or outdoors, at which the sensor starts to turn on the lighting fixtures. When installing, set it to maximum.
TIME– the time that the device continues to illuminate after the moving object has left the detection zone. Typically set to 10 seconds or higher if the corridor is long enough or the door is opened with keys behind a partition outside the detection zone of the sensor.
SENS– sensitivity of the device, a parameter that affects the motion detection range. Initially set to maximum. It may be necessary if interference motion enters the detection zone, and reinstalling the sensor is difficult. An example would be turning on the light landing due to a moving elevator car or flickering branches outside the window.
MIC– if your sensor has a noise parameter, set it to minimum to eliminate false alarms from a child’s scream or the barking of a neighbor’s dog.

Video

This video will tell you how to properly install and connect a motion sensor.

Installing motion sensors for lighting is a step towards technology " smart House", improving the quality of life and saving resources. Making the right choice of model and installing devices with your own hands is within the power of a person even with minimal knowledge in the field of electrical engineering.

It is unwise to turn on lighting in some rooms or outdoors for the entire dark period. To ensure that the light turns on only when needed, a motion sensor is installed in the lamp’s power circuit. In the “normal” state, it breaks the power circuit. When a moving object appears in its coverage area, the contacts close and the lighting turns on. After the object disappears from the coverage area, the light turns off. This algorithm has proven to work well in street lighting, in lighting utility rooms, corridors, basements, entrances and stairs. In general, in those places where people appear only periodically. So, for savings and convenience, it is better to install a motion sensor to turn on the light.

Types and varieties

Motion sensors for turning on lights can be of different types, designed for various conditions operation. First of all, you need to look at where the device can be installed.

Outdoor motion sensors have a high degree of housing protection. For normal use outdoors, take sensors with an IP of at least 55, but better - higher. For installation in a home, you can take IP 22 and higher.

Power type

The largest group is wired for connecting to 220 V. There are fewer wireless ones, but there are also enough of them. They are good if you need to turn on lighting powered by low-voltage power sources - battery or solar panels, For example.

Method for determining the presence of motion

The motion sensor for turning on the light can detect moving objects using various detection principles:

Most often, infrared motion sensors are used to turn on lights on the street or at home. They have low price, long range, a large number of adjustments to help you customize it. On stairs and in long corridors It is better to install a sensor with ultrasound or microwave. They are able to turn on the lighting even if you are still far from the light source. IN security systems Microwave ones are recommended for installation - they detect movement even behind partitions.

Specifications

Once you have decided which motion sensor you will install to turn on the lights, you need to select its technical characteristics.

Viewing angle

The motion sensor for turning on the light can have a different viewing angle in the horizontal plane - from 90° to 360°. If an object can be approached from any direction, sensors with a radius of 180-360° are installed, depending on its location. If the device is mounted on a wall, 180° is enough, if on a pole, 360° is already needed. Indoors, you can use those that track movement in a narrow sector.

If there is only one door ( utility room, for example), a narrowband sensor may be sufficient. If the room can be entered from two or three sides, the model should be able to see at least 180°, and better yet, in all directions. The wider the coverage, the better, but the cost of wide-angle models is much higher, so you should proceed from the principle of reasonable sufficiency.

There is also a vertical viewing angle. In ordinary inexpensive models it ranges from 15-20°, but there are models that can cover up to 180°. Wide-angle motion detectors are usually installed in security systems, and not in lighting systems, since their cost is considerable. In this regard, it is worth choosing the correct height for installing the device: so that the “dead zone”, in which the detector simply does not see anything, is not in the place where the movement is most intense.

Range

Here again, you should choose taking into account whether a motion sensor will be installed indoors to turn on the lights or outdoors. For indoor environments, a range of 5-7 meters is sufficient.

For the street, it is desirable to install more “long-range” ones. But look here too: with a large coverage radius, false positives can be very frequent. So having too much coverage can even be a disadvantage.

Power of connected luminaires

Each motion sensor for turning on the light is designed to connect a certain load - it can pass a current of a certain rating through itself. Therefore, when choosing, you need to know total power lamps that the device will connect.

In order not to overpay for increased throughput motion sensor, and even save on electricity bills, use not incandescent lamps, but more economical ones - gas discharge, fluorescent or.

Installation method and location

In addition to the obvious division into street and “home”, there is another type of division according to the location of installation of motion sensors:

If the lighting is turned on only to increase comfort, cabinet models are chosen, since they are cheaper with equal characteristics. Built-in ones are installed in security systems. They are miniature, but more expensive.

Additional functions

Some motion detectors have additional features. Some of them are obvious overkill, others, in certain situations, can be useful.

These are all features that may be useful. Pay special attention to animal protection and shutdown delay. These are really useful options.

Where to place

You need to install the motion sensor correctly to turn on the lighting - for it to work correctly, follow certain rules:

In large rooms it is better to install the device on the ceiling. Its viewing radius should be 360°. If the sensor must turn on the lighting from any movement in the room, it is installed in the center; if only some part is monitored, the distance is selected so that the “dead zone” of the ball is minimal.

Motion sensor to turn on the light: installation diagrams

In the simplest case, the motion sensor is connected to the break in the phase wire that goes to the lamp. If we're talking about O dark room without windows, this scheme is efficient and optimal.

If we talk specifically about connecting the wires, then phase and zero are connected to the input of the motion sensor (usually labeled L for phase and N for neutral). From the output of the sensor, the phase is supplied to the lamp, and we take the zero and ground to it from the panel or from the nearest junction box.

If we are talking about street lighting or turning on the light in a room with windows, you will need to either install a light sensor (photo relay) or install a switch on the line. Both devices prevent the lights from turning on during daylight hours. It’s just that one (photo relay) operates in automatic mode, and the second is turned on forcibly by a person.

They are also placed in the break of the phase wire. Only when using a light sensor, it must be placed in front of the motion relay. In this case, it will receive power only after it gets dark and will not work “idle” during the day. Since any electrical appliance is designed for a certain number of operations, this will extend the life of the motion sensor.

All the schemes described above have one drawback: the lighting cannot be turned on long time. If you need to do some work on the stairs in the evening, you will have to move all the time, otherwise the light will periodically turn off.

To make it possible to turn on the lighting for a long time, a switch is installed in parallel with the detector. While it is turned off, the sensor is in operation, the light turns on when it is triggered. If you need to turn on the lamp for a long period, flip the switch. The lamp stays on until the switch is turned to the off position again.

Adjustment (setting)

After installation, the motion sensor must be configured to turn on the light. There are small rotary controls on the body to adjust almost all parameters. They can be turned by inserting your fingernail into the slot, but it is better to use a small screwdriver. Let us describe the adjustment of a DD-type motion sensor with a built-in light sensor, since they are most often installed in private homes for automation.

Tilt angle

For those sensors that are mounted on walls, you first need to set the angle of inclination. They are mounted on rotating brackets, with the help of which their position changes. It must be selected so that the controlled area is the largest. It is impossible to give exact recommendations, since it depends on the vertical viewing angle of the model and on the height at which you hung it.

The optimal installation height for the motion sensor is about 2.4 meters. In this case, even those models that can cover only 15-20° vertically control sufficient space. Adjusting the incline is a very rough name for what you'll be doing. You will gradually change the angle of inclination, check how the sensor works in this position from different possible entry points. It's not difficult, but it's tedious.

Sensitivity

On the body this adjustment is labeled SEN (from English sensitive - sensitivity). The position can be changed from minimum (min/low) to maximum (max/hight).

This is one of the most difficult settings, since it determines whether the sensor will work on small animals (cats and dogs). If the dog is large, it will not be possible to avoid false alarms. With medium and small animals this is quite possible. The setup procedure is as follows: set it to minimum, check how it works for you and for inhabitants of smaller stature. If necessary, increase the sensitivity little by little.

Delay time

U different models The shutdown delay range is different - from 3 seconds to 15 minutes. You need to insert it the same way - by turning the adjusting wheel. It is usually signed Time (translated from English as “time”).

Glow time or delay time - choose what you like best

Everything is relatively easy here - knowing the minimum and maximum of your model, you can approximately choose a position. After turning on the flashlight, freeze and note the time after which it will turn off. Next, change the position of the regulator in the desired direction.

Light level

This adjustment relates to the photo relay, which, as we agreed, is built into our motion sensor to turn on the light. If there is no built-in photo relay, it simply will not exist. This adjustment is labeled LUX, the extreme positions are labeled min and max.

When connecting, set the regulator to the maximum position. And in the evening, at the level of illumination when you think the light should already turn on, turn the regulator slowly to the min position until the lamp/lantern turns on.

For the convenience and safety of people, motion sensors have been invented that react to the appearance or presence of a person in their area of action. When a person appears in the sensor’s coverage area, the automation is triggered and any electrical equipment connected to it is activated, for example, lighting, a sound warning system, and an alarm system are turned on.

The photo shows a motion sensor, using an installation example of which I will demonstrate how to correctly connect it to electrical wiring to automatically turn on the lamp when entering the room.

Appearance The motion sensor is a rectangular or round plastic box with a window covered with a matte plastic film, which is a Fresnel lens. Through this window using infrared waves and the appearance of a person in the control zone is monitored. The material from which the Fresnel lens is made is delicate, and when installing and operating the motion sensor, care must be taken so as not to accidentally damage the lens.

Before installing a motion sensor, you need to choose the one suitable for solving the task based on the size of the room and the conditions under which people and animals stay in it.

Choosing a motion sensor model for your home

Based on the method of detecting the presence of a person in the control zone, motion sensors are either active or passive.

Active ones work like a radar or echo sounder. They emit a signal and analyze its reflection. If the distance that the signal travels from the sensor to the obstacle and back has changed, then it is triggered. Passive sensors simply detect heat emitted by a person. There are also combined ones, which combine active and passive control methods.

Active sensors operate in ultrasonic or high radio frequencies. The ultrasonic range lies within 20,000 Hz; humans cannot hear such a sound, but dogs, cats and other animals hear it and begin to behave restlessly. If there are living creatures in the house, then it is not permissible to use motion sensors operating in the ultrasonic range.

Active motion sensors operating at high radio frequencies do not “notice” obstacles in the form of walls or furniture, and only detect the movement of objects. If installed incorrectly, they can even react to the swaying of trees outside the window or the movement of people in a neighboring apartment, causing false alarms. Moreover, they are the most expensive.

To control the switching on of lighting in an apartment, passive infrared motion sensors that respond to heat emitted by the human body are best suited. Therefore this type is the most common.

You should also pay attention to the horizontal and vertical detection angles of the motion sensor and the range. Typically, the detection area for ceiling-mounted motion sensors is 360° in the shape of a circle. Motion sensors designed for installation on walls usually have a horizontal detection angle of 180° and a vertical detection angle of about 20°.

In the drawing, blue lines indicate the outline of the room, and the figure formed by red lines is the detection zone of the motion sensor. As you can see, the detection zone does not cover the entire volume of the room, therefore, when choosing an installation location, the detection zone is the determining criterion.

The detection range of motion sensors is usually limited to 12 meters, which for home use quite enough. If the room large sizes, is not rectangular in shape or multi-story, for example, like an entrance to a house, then in this case, several devices are installed to detect the presence of a person throughout the entire area.

By design, motion sensors can be movable or fixed. The movable device allows you to change the detection zone by moving the sensor relative to the base in horizontal and vertical directions.

As you can see, this motion sensor provides the ability to change the position of its head, thanks to which, after installing it on the wall, you can change the control zone within small limits.

Choosing an installation location
light motion sensor

Before installing a motion sensor, in order to ensure its reliable operation and eliminate false ones, you need to take a responsible approach to choosing the installation location. It is necessary not only to provide the necessary detection zone, but also to protect the motion sensor from the influence of external factors that cause false alarms or block the operation of the sensor and take into account the need to connect it to the electrical wiring.

It is not recommended to install motion sensors near electric and central heating radiators and pipes supplying hot water, in close proximity to air conditioners, near thermal and electrical appliances that emit electromagnetic interference.

Even if you take into account all the recommendations and understand technical specifications, theoretically it is correct to choose best place difficult to install without practice. Therefore, it is advisable, before performing electrical installation work do a little research.

Designation of motion sensor terminals

There is a motion sensor inside electronic circuit and in order for it to work, you need to connect it to the supply voltage. Typically, motion sensors are designed to be connected directly to a 220 V household power supply, except for radio sensors, which are powered by a battery installed inside. Connection diagram in mandatory available on the housing, usually next to the terminal block for connection. In this model of motion sensor, the markings are made directly on its body using plastic embossing.

In order for the motion sensor to start working, it is enough to apply supply voltage to the terminals of its terminal block L and N. To connect it to the electrical network, you need to take a piece of double wire, install a plug on it on one side, and connect the other end, not forgetting to remove the insulation, to the terminals L and N terminal block. The phasing of the wire connection, in this case, does not matter. Moreover, if you make a mistake and connect the wires incorrectly, then nothing bad will happen, the motion sensor simply will not work. In this case, the blinking motion sensor indicator will not light up.

In the photo, for clarity, a short piece of wire is connected. The length of the wire should ensure that the motion sensor can be connected to the nearest outlet when choosing an installation location. If you do not have a piece of wire of sufficient length, you can use an extension cord.

Typically, motion sensors have an LED that indicates what state they are in. If the sensor is connected to the power supply and is in standby mode, the LED flashes approximately once per second. When triggered, the blinking frequency of the LED increases, which allows you to know, without connecting a load, when choosing an installation location, whether the sensor has triggered or not. It should be taken into account that some types of motion sensors, after connecting to the power supply, become ready for operation after some time, 15-30 seconds.

Purpose of the parameter adjustment knobs

There are knobs on the body of the motion sensor for adjusting its parameters. Depending on the model and its purpose, there are from two to four handles. Near the handles it is usually marked letter designation type of adjustment, a picture of the purpose of the adjustment and the direction of rotation of the knob to change the setting. Therefore, before installing a motion sensor, you need to understand what parameter and how each of the handles affects and in what position they need to be installed to optimal performance in specific conditions.

Before you start looking for a place to install the motion sensor, it is advisable to adjust its parameters on the table and mark it with a marker to make it easier in real conditions. In low light, the factory markings are difficult to see.

Dimmer LUX allows you to set a light threshold above which the motion sensor will not respond to movement. Why turn on the lights during daylight hours if you can already see clearly. Initially you need to set it to maximum.

Timer time control TIME motion sensor. This is the time during which the light will remain on after the motion sensor is triggered. Initially set to minimum on time. It should be noted that if, after the motion sensor is triggered, a person continues to move in the detection zone, the timer is restarted, and the countdown until the motion sensor turns off will begin from the moment the person stops moving. For example, if you set the timer to 10 seconds, and a person moved or waved his hands in the detection zone for 10 minutes, then the light will be on all this time.

Sensitivity control SENS Rarely installed on motion sensors, as it is of practical necessity. It happens, it is needed if you want to not control part of the room, and this can always be done by adjusting the position of the motion sensor during installation. Initially you need to set it to maximum.

Microphone sensitivity control MIC It is present very rarely, since it is not in demand in everyday life and has low noise immunity. The noise of a passing truck or a child's scream in the entrance of a house can trigger a motion sensor. But to perform the security function, if properly adjusted, it can serve an excellent remedy protection, since the detection zone will be practically unlimited. Initially you need to set it to minimum.

Now that the preparatory work has been completed and all the controls are set to the required positions, you can begin to determine the installation location of the motion sensor. To do this, you can temporarily mount the sensor on a stepladder or board, and by placing the motion sensor in the intended installation locations, try to find the best one. As I wrote above, a rapidly blinking LED will indicate that it has been triggered.

It is convenient to connect the motion sensor for lighting to the electrical wiring in two places, in the junction box or directly at the point where the chandelier is connected to the wires coming out of the ceiling or wall. Therefore, before searching for a location to install the motion sensor, you need to determine where it is easier to connect it. It is difficult even for a professional electrician to deal with the wires in the distribution box, especially in houses built a long time ago, and the boxes are often covered with wallpaper or located under plaster. The easiest way to figure out the connection is to a chandelier or wall lamp.

After determining the installation location of the motion sensor, you can begin mounting it on the wall and installing electrical wiring.

Attention! Before connecting the motion sensor to the electrical wiring, to avoid damage electric shock, it is necessary to de-energize it. To do this, turn off the corresponding circuit breaker in the distribution panel and check the reliability of the shutdown using the phase indicator.

An example of installing a motion sensor in an apartment

The plaster on the brick wall was quite loose, and the distance between the centers of the holes had to be maintained to the nearest millimeter. I used a simple jig and a certain sequence of drilling holes in the wall. To make the conductor, a piece of plywood was taken, in which two holes were drilled, 4 and 6 mm. After drilling the first hole in the wall, a dowel was inserted into it and the jig was screwed through a 4 mm hole with a self-tapping screw. A second hole in the wall was drilled through a 6 mm hole in the jig.

With this simple technique, using plywood trim, it was possible to drill holes exactly in the specified places.

All preparatory work done, and you can begin installing the electrical wiring and installing the motion sensor. But in order to carry out the work competently, and not just mindlessly connect the wires to each other, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the chandelier connection diagram.

Electrical diagram for connecting the sensor

As can be seen from the diagram, the neutral wire, which is designated by the letter N, connects directly to the chandelier bulb, and the phase one, which is designated L, connects to the second terminal of the chandelier light bulb through a switch.

In practice, you may encounter the fact that the switch opens not the phase wire, but the neutral wire. From a safety point of view, this is incorrect, but opening the neutral wire does not affect the performance of the chandelier. If there are a lot of light bulbs in the chandelier or double switch, then the chandelier connection diagram is more complex. To meaningfully connect a motion sensor, it is enough to consider how to connect it to a chandelier of one light bulb.

From a functional point of view, a motion sensor is an ordinary switch, only it turns off the light not from pressing the switch key with a person’s hand, but from movement in the detection zone. Since the motion sensor has an electronic circuit, for it to work it is necessary to apply supply voltage to this circuit.

Motion sensors are available for installation instead of a switch. But to connect it, you need one more additional wire and, of course, the detection zone with such an installation must correspond to the required one. Three wires sometimes fit to the switch to separately connect two groups of chandelier bulbs. If such use of the chandelier is not necessary and the detection zone is suitable, then you can install a motion sensor instead of the switch without laying additional wires by making connections in the junction box.

Wiring diagram

The simplest case is when the motion sensor is connected to the terminal block of the chandelier. Since my lamp did not have such a block, I had to install it. I made the connection according to the wiring diagram below.

As can be seen in the diagram, the phase wire is connected to the upper contact of the terminal block and from it goes directly to the terminal block terminal, designated by the letter L. The neutral wire is connected to the middle terminal of the terminal block and then goes to the terminal block terminal, designated by the letter N. two wires are connected, going to the light bulb and an additional socket.

Phase wire L is connected to the normally open contacts of the relay, in the same way as to the contacts of an ordinary key switch. Next, from the relay contact, the wire goes to the lower contact of the terminal block and is then connected to the lower contact of the chandelier terminal block. The second terminal of the light bulb and socket are also connected to the same contact. When the motion sensor is triggered, the relay closes the contacts and voltage is supplied to the light bulb and socket.

As a light source, you can connect not only incandescent lamps to the motion sensor, but also energy-saving LED lamps and monochrome and RGB LED strips connected through adapters. You can also connect a radio or any other device.

Before connecting the wires, prepare sections of them long enough for free connection with the terminal blocks. The insulation is removed from the ends of the wires and, according to the diagram, the wires are twisted together. After twisting, tinning with solder is performed using an electric soldering iron. If you do not plan to pass large currents, then it is not necessary to tin the wires.

When the ends of the wires are prepared, they are connected to the terminal block of the chandelier.

All that remains is to screw the base of the chandelier to the wall and screw the shade into it. As you can see, all the wires and the terminal block are hidden under the base of the chandelier and do not protrude anywhere.

I laid the wires to the additional outlet in a cable channel, since I didn’t want to scratch the wall and spread dirt. During the next toilet renovation, I will hide the wiring in the wall.

Now you need to make adjustments, set the timer time, the sensitivity of the motion sensor and the work can be considered complete.

Although the light has now begun to turn on and off automatically, out of habit, when approaching the door, the hand reaches for the switch, and when leaving, everyone constantly turns off the light without even noticing. I had to short-circuit the terminals of the switch on the wall so that it would no longer affect the turning on of the light, since if the light is turned off by the switch and turned on again, the motion sensor is triggered only after the time set by the timer has expired.

Features of connecting a motion sensor to turn on the light
in the entrance with an elevator

By e-mail I received a letter from Sergei from St. Petersburg. Sergey is a professional electrician and encountered difficulties when installing motion sensors in the entrance of seven storey building equipped with an elevator, and turned to me for advice. With Sergei’s consent, I decided to publish our correspondence.

Sergey:
Yesterday we installed active motion sensors to turn on the lights in the entrance on seven floors, and it turned out that when the elevator moves, the lights on each floor turn on, it’s beautiful, but the customer didn’t like it. The electromagnetic field's effect on sensors is understandable. But in another house under the same conditions everything works fine. Maybe the elevator is not grounded? Or maybe the elevator is old and causing such interference. How to protect yourself from this?

Answer:
Regarding influence electromagnetic field, then I doubt it, since the elevator is just a box with buttons and a lamp, and all the power equipment is located on the roof of the house in a special room. When the elevator car moves, only the limit position sensors on the floors are switched, but there the currents flow several milliamps and cannot have any effect.
The absence of grounding of the elevator is excluded, since this is one of the main points of safety requirements and is mandatory checked by supervisory organizations.
The influence of network interference due to the operation of the elevator power equipment also does not occur in your case, since then the lamps on all floors would turn on simultaneously.
One thing remains, the effect of moving the cabin itself on the sensors. If the motion sensor is highly sensitive, even if the elevator car moves in a blind shaft, even a small gap at the junction of the elevator doors may be sufficient, especially if the sensor is installed opposite the elevator door. You can check this by closing the gap on one of the floors, or reducing the sensitivity of the sensor.
If, nevertheless, the culprit of the false operation is network interference, then you can try connecting a capacitor with a capacity of 0.01-0.1 mF for a voltage of at least 300 V in parallel with the motion sensor to the network connection terminals.

Sergey:
Good afternoon Alexander, I was touched by the quick answer to my question. Today we closed the elevator window with an aluminum shield, the sensitivity of the sensor is max, the elevator is moving and still turns on the light - this means that the sensor “sees” the elevator. We reduced the sensitivity - everything worked as it should, but a representative from the company that manufactured elevators of this brand protested, since according to the regulations, it is not permissible to close the window in the elevator door. As a result, we installed an infrared sensor, a passive option, and the problem disappeared.
P.S. I would like to add from bitter installation experience active sensors, they are buggy, and the timer is buggy, the solution to the problem is simple: you need to turn off the power several times in a row, and everything starts working.

Why do energy-saving and LED lamps blink?
included after the motion sensor?

I received a letter by email from Anatoly from Primorsko-Akhtarsk.

Anatoly:
I'm also a bit of an electrician, I installed the motion sensor myself. As long as the incandescent lamp was on everything was fine. I installed a saving lamp - when it is turned off, it blinks, and the LED lamp also switches on. How can I get rid of this?

Answer:
Energy saving and LED bulbs, unlike incandescent lamps, they have an electronic circuit inside with rectifying diodes and an electrolytic capacitor installed after them. To produce a weak glow, these lamps require a current of only a few microamps. Therefore, if the switch opens a non-phase wire, then due to leaks through the air, a charge may well accumulate in the electrolytic capacitor and when it accumulates to a certain level, the lamp may blink. This phenomenon is also observed when using backlit switches.

When connecting a lamp through a motion sensor, there are two possible reasons why blinking may occur. If the sensor uses a mechanical relay as a switch (a click is heard when activated), it means that when connecting, the neutral and phase wires are reversed.

When a semiconductor device, such as a triac, is used as a switch in a motion sensor, it has a leakage current when turned off. In this case, if the phase and zero connections are correct, blinking can only be eliminated if you connect an electromagnetic relay instead of a light bulb and power an energy-saving or LED light bulb through its contacts, breaking the phase wire. You can do without a relay if you connect a 5-10 watt resistor with a nominal value of 5-10 kOhm in parallel with the light bulb. But then it goes down economic efficiency use of energy-saving lamps.

How to adjust the motion sensor model TDL-2012-AC

I received a letter from Vyacheslav by email asking me to help me understand the controls of the motion sensor model TDL-2012-AC, due to the fact that the product does not come with instructions for connecting and adjusting.

Vyacheslav:
Please tell me about the Chinese motion sensor model TDL-2012-AC. What parameters control the first two switches? The first one seems to be the level of illumination at which the sensor is triggered. And second?

Answer:
Pictograms, letters and numbers indicate the following:
- switch 1 regulates the sensitivity to illumination, that is, the level of illumination in the room at which the sensor will start working;
- the second is used to select sensitivity to movement;
- the remaining switches numbered 3-8 are designed to set the time for which the motion sensor will turn on the lighting, 5, 40 seconds. and 1, 4, 8 or 16 min.

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