We connect the photorelay - step by step instructions with a video tutorial. Instructions for setting up a motion sensor Location diagrams of motion sensors to turn on the light
Owners of private houses, when landscaping the site, are concerned about the question of how to automatically turn on the light at dusk and turn it off at dawn. There are two devices for this - a photorelay and an astrotimer. The first device is simpler and cheaper, the second is more complicated and more expensive. Let's talk in more detail about the photo relay for street lighting.
Device and principle of operation
This device has many names. The most common is a photorelay, but they are also called a photocell, a light and twilight sensor, a photosensor, a photosensor, a twilight or light-control switch, a light sensor or day-night. In general, there are many names, but the essence of this does not change - the device allows you to automatically turn on the light at dusk and turn it off at dawn.
The operation of the device is based on the ability of some elements to change their parameters under the influence of sunlight. The most commonly used photoresistors, phototransistors and photodiodes. In the evening, when the illumination decreases, the parameters of the photosensitive elements begin to change. When the change reaches a certain value, the relay contacts close, supplying power to the connected load. At dawn, the changes go in the opposite direction, the contacts open, the light goes out.
Characteristics and selection
First of all, choose the voltage with which the light sensor will work: 220 V or 12 V. The next parameter is the protection class. Since the device is installed outdoors, it must be at least IP44 (numbers may be higher, lower - undesirable). This means that objects larger than 1 mm cannot get inside the device, and that it is not afraid of water splashes. The second thing you should pay attention to is the temperature regime of operation. Look for options that marginally cover the averages in your region in both positive and negative temperatures.
It is also necessary to select a photorelay model according to the power of the lamps connected to it (output power) and the load current. It, of course, can “pull” the load a little more, but there may be problems. So it is better to take even with some margin. These were the mandatory parameters by which it is necessary to choose a photorelay for street lighting. There are a few more extras.
In some models, it is possible to adjust the response threshold - to make the photosensor more or less sensitive. Decrease the sensitivity when it snows. In this case, the light reflected from the snow can be perceived as dawn. As a result, the light will turn on and off. You won't like this show.
Pay attention to the sensitivity adjustment limits. They can be more or less. For example, for a Belarusian-made AWZ-30 photo relay, this parameter is 2-100 Lx, for a P02 photocell, the adjustment range is 10-100 Lx.
Response delay. What is the delay for? To eliminate false on / off light. For example, at night, the headlights of a passing car hit the photo relay. If the response delay is short, the light will turn off. If it is sufficient - at least 5-10 seconds, then this will not happen.
Selecting an installation site
For the correct operation of the photorelay, it is important to choose its location correctly. Several factors must be taken into account:
As you can see, when organizing automatic lighting on the street, choosing a place to install a photorelay is not an easy task. Sometimes you have to move it several times until you find an acceptable position. Often, if a light sensor is used to turn on a lamp on a pole, they try to place a photo relay in the same place. This is completely optional and very inconvenient - you have to clean off dust or snow quite often and climbing a pole every time is not very fun. The photorelay itself can be placed on the wall of the house, for example, and the power cable can be pulled to the lamp. This is the most convenient option.
Wiring diagrams
The connection diagram for a photorelay for street lighting is simple: a phase and zero are connected to the input of the device, from the output the phase is supplied to the load (lanterns), and zero (minus) to the load comes from the machine or from the bus.
If you do everything according to the rules, the wire connection must be done in the junction box (junction box). Choose a sealed model for outdoor location, mount in an accessible place. How to connect a photorelay to outdoor lighting in this case is in the diagram below.
If you need to turn on / off a powerful lamp on a pole, in the design of which there is a throttle, it is better to add to the circuit. It is designed for frequent on and off, normally tolerates inrush currents.
If the light should be turned on only for the time the person is (in the street toilet, near the gate), add to the photocell. In such a bundle, it is better to first put a light-sensitive switch, and after it - a motion sensor. With this construction, the motion sensor will only work in the dark.
Connection diagram for a photorelay with a motion sensor
As you can see, the schemes are simple, it is quite possible to do it yourself.
Features of connecting wires
The photorelay of any manufacturer has three wires. One is red, another is blue (may be dark green) and the third can be any color but is usually black or brown. When connecting, remember:
- the red wire always goes to the lamps:
- zero (neutral) from the supply cable is connected to blue (green);
- phase is applied to black or brown.
If you look at all the above diagrams, you will see that they are drawn in compliance with these rules. That's it, no more complications. By connecting the wires like this (do not forget that the neutral wire must also be connected to the lamp), you will get a working circuit.
How to set up a photo relay for street lighting
It is necessary to configure the light sensor after installation and connection to the network. There is a small plastic rotary dial in the lower part of the case to adjust the operation limits. Its rotation sets the sensitivity.
Find a similar regulator on the case - it adjusts the sensitivity of the photo relay
A little higher on the case there are arrows that indicate which way to turn to increase and decrease the sensitivity of the photorelay (left - decrease, right - increase).
To begin with, set the lowest sensitivity - drive the regulator to the extreme right position. In the evening, when the illumination is such that you decide that you should already turn on the light, start the adjustment. It is necessary to smoothly turn the knob to the left until the light turns on. On this we can assume that the setting of the photo relay for street lighting is completed.
Astrotimer
An astronomical timer (astrotimer) is another way to automate street lighting. The principle of its operation is different from the photorelay, but it also turns on the light in the evening and turns it off in the morning. Street lighting is controlled by time. This device contains data about what time it gets dark / dawn in each region in each season / day. When setting up the astrotimer, the GPS coordinates of its installation are entered, the date and current time are set. According to the programmed program, the device works.
Astrotimer - the second way to automate the light in the area
How is it more convenient?
- It does not depend on the weather. In the case of installing a photorelay, there is a high probability of a false alarm - in cloudy weather, the light may turn on in the early evening. When light hits the photo relay, it can turn off the light in the middle of the night.
- You can install the astrotimer in the house, in the shield, anywhere. He doesn't need light.
- It is possible to shift the on / off time by 120-240 minutes (depending on the model) relative to the set time. That is, you yourself can set the time as you like.
The disadvantage is the high price. In any case, the models that are in the distribution network cost quite solid money. But you can buy in China much cheaper, however, how it will work is a question.
Connecting lighting through a motion sensor allows not only saving energy, but also adding comfort and convenience to our homes. The choice of installation site, connection diagrams and verification do not require a high level of skill, so almost every home master can do it.
Ceiling sensors with a circular view are usually mounted in the center of the room, or at its highest point. Much more installation options are available for wall-mounted appliances.
For staircase lighting
In an apartment building, it is best to negotiate with all residents of the entrance and install a common lighting system for all its spans. If such consent could not be achieved, it is possible to make personal lighting of the entrance door to the apartment by installing a sensor above it and setting it to the minimum response sensitivity, only when approaching directly.
In a country house or cottage, you can mount a staircase lighting system that sequentially turns on the lights when moving along it. In the minimum version, only two devices are required: at the bottom and at the top.
In the utility room
In the technical room of the house, in the garage, pantry or other similar places, it is most advisable to install a light switch combined with a motion sensor, which is best mounted opposite the front door so that it works when it is opened.
Upon entering the room, the lighting will turn on for a time sufficient to switch it to a constant mode. It is possible to organize separate systems: a low-power standby lamp is switched on from the sensor, and the main lighting is switched on independently by its switch.
For street lighting
Outside, sensors and lighting devices can be installed above the entrance gate, the entrance to the house, garage, bathhouse, gazebo or other premises. You can put separate sensors for each street lamp in the garden or on the path near the house. For the purposes of street lighting, sensors with an outdoor brightness analyzer should be used, which operate only at dusk.
Now on the lighting market, you can find options for LED lamps for outdoor lighting, combined with solar panels and motion sensors. They do not require external power supply lines. There are also wireless models that run on batteries or rechargeable batteries. For the same purposes, the rational use of electricity at home is established.
The sensors have plastic housings that must be protected from shock or other damage. Particular care should be taken with the plastic Fresnel lens, which is an important component of the optical system of the device.
When installed outdoors, make sure that the devices are not exposed to direct sunlight and precipitation. In such cases, it is better to provide for the installation of protective visors for them. It should also be taken into account that sensors in windy weather can be triggered by the movement of branches located near trees.
Indoors, these devices are not recommended to be placed near heating devices. It is desirable that hot batteries or stoves also do not fall into their field of vision. To do this, you can adjust the height and vertical angle of the device accordingly.
When working with mains voltage, the safety regulations must be strictly observed. When connecting the supply wires to the devices, it is necessary to de-energize them with a switch on the power board or by unscrewing the fuse plugs. If there is no complete confidence in the correct, accurate and safe performance of all instrument installation procedures, it is better to entrust this to professional masters.
How to connect an infrared motion sensor - detailed instructions
To mount the device, it is necessary to choose a place that provides the best viewing angles both horizontally and vertically with the maximum coverage area. Most infrared motion sensors have a dead zone, the location of which should be taken into account when choosing their height and angle of inclination. If the sensor is made in a fixed housing and does not have positioning adjustment, then it is necessary to check the technical data sheet for the correct placement of the device.
Mounting the device on the wall must be reliable, allowing its subsequent orientation in space.
Before connecting the motion sensor to the light, you should unscrew the back cover and carefully study the attached connection diagram. Unlike a conventional light bulb, this device usually requires not only a phase, but also a neutral wire.
Did you know that the answer to the question is not so clear cut.
And in appearance, a very simple process of connecting a switch to an ordinary light bulb requires taking into account many different nuances - from installing electrical wiring to installing a light bulb in the wall. All details can be studied.
And if there is a terminal for connecting a protective earth inside, then it is necessary to ensure its presence at the installation site. Therefore, the usual wiring of the lighting network is not suitable for connecting the device. It is necessary to reconnect the wires in the junction box or bring an additional wire from the box or outlet.
We decide on a suitable installation scheme for the motion sensor
Inside the device, there is usually a terminal block, on which standardly colored and labeled contacts are displayed:
- L, brown or black - phase wire.
- N, blue - neutral wire.
- A, Ls or L’, red - phase return to lighting lamps.
- ⊥, yellow-green - protective earth.
Connection of lighting devices should be carried out between contacts A and N. Supply power to the electrical network to L and N, strictly observing the phase connection.
Single sensor
The classic standard switching circuit.
With switch
Allows you to bypass the sensor by applying voltage directly to the fixture.
Multiple sensors
Usually used for rooms with complex configurations, long corridors and passages, stairwells.
In addition to connection contacts, many models of infrared sensors have adjustment elements:
- DAY LIGHT or LUX - light sensitivity threshold.
- TIME - operation timer.
- SENSE - sensitivity.
How to check if devices are connected correctly
It is best to check the performance of these devices before installing them by connecting them according to a temporary scheme. This is especially true for simple models that do not have any adjustment bodies. If, after installation, they do not work as expected, the problem is most likely due to improper installation.
More complex samples of devices can also be checked for their serviceability by assembling a temporary connection diagram and setting the illumination threshold control to the maximum position, and the timer to the minimum.If the device has an indicator LED, then there is no need to even connect the load, its activation when motion is detected by the sensor will indicate that the device is working. If the switch in the device is an electromagnetic relay, then its clicking will also indicate the health of the device. After completing the installation work, it is imperative to carry out the procedure for adjusting the motion sensor for lighting.
Setting and adjusting motion sensors for lighting
All customizable parameters are set in each specific room strictly individually. As a rule, after the initial installation, more fine tuning of the parameters during operation is required until the most suitable values are determined.
The usual limits for adjusting the timer operation time are set in most devices from a few seconds to ten minutes. The light sensitivity threshold can only be set in devices that have an appropriate light sensor. It determines the brightness of daylight at which the device stops supplying voltage to lighting fixtures.
Setting the sensitivity of the sensor is the most subtle and capricious setting. In any case, the sensor should respond to the appearance of a person in the room, not pets. When changing the viewing angle of the device, it is often necessary to adjust its sensitivity as well.
Video on how to connect the motion sensor correctly
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Economical and at the same time functional, we strongly recommended that you install a motion sensor on the spotlights. This device will automate the backlight system and turn it on not only when it gets dark, but also if movement is detected in the detection zone. However, it is far from always possible to set up the way you want, as a result of which the sensor is triggered at the slightest vibration of the branches or when it is not too dark outside. That is why we have prepared detailed instructions for our readers, in which we explained in an accessible way how to set up a motion sensor for lighting with two and three controllers.
How can the detector be adjusted?
In modern motion sensors (DD), you can adjust the sensitivity, illumination, turn-off delay time and installation angle.
All these parameters, when properly configured, can save up to 50% of electricity, which is a very significant indicator. However, it should be immediately noted that not all motion sensors have three regulators. In older models, only two parameters can be adjusted - delay time and sensitivity, or delay time and light level, as in the photo below:
Sensor overview
Now we will separately analyze how to set up a motion sensor on a spotlight or another version of the lamp.
Settings
Mounting angle
The first thing to do is to properly adjust the DD detection zone. In modern models of luminaires, detectors are represented by separate elements mounted on a hinge. Here you just have to set it up in such a way that the infrared rays are directed to the maximum possible detection area. Here, not only the installation angle plays an important role, but also the height at which you decide. The optimal and most unsuccessful installation methods are discussed in the diagrams below:
Sensitivity
The second parameter you need to adjust is the sensitivity, which is labeled "SENS" on the case. As a rule, a wheel with a range from min (low or -) to max (high or +) is used for adjustment. Setting the sensitivity of the motion sensor is the most difficult. You must adjust the parameter so that the detector does not work on small animals, but at the same time turns on the light when a person is detected. In this case, it is recommended to immediately set SENS to maximum, wait until the flashlight turns off and check how the sensor will work.
Gradually, you will need to reduce the sensitivity until you find the "golden mean". Please note that if you have a large dog in your yard, it is unlikely that you will be able to set up the sensor so that it does not react to it.
The next setting is the illumination threshold, marked on the body as “LUX”. This parameter is necessary in order to configure the sensor to turn on the light only when it gets dark. For example, why turn on the lighting when motion is detected during daylight hours, it still won't do anything. At the first setting, it is recommended to set the maximum LUX value and, when evening comes, adjust the appropriate time at which the sensor will be triggered.
If your detector does not have a LUX control, then you can additionally. In this case, it will still turn out to adjust the spotlight so that it turns on only at night.
Delay time
Well, the last parameter is the turn-on delay, designated "TIME". The time is the easiest to set, the range can vary from 5 seconds to 10 minutes. Here you yourself have to decide how long it is better to set the delay. There are sensors for which the delay time increases with each new switch-on. During the initial setup, it is recommended to set this control to the minimum setting so that you can quickly check the parameters.
You can also learn some useful information by watching this video:
How to make an adjustment
That's all I wanted to tell you about how to set up a motion sensor for lighting. Such detectors can be installed not only on the street, but even in the apartment, for example, on the landing at the entrance. We hope that the provided instructions for setting up a detector with two and three regulators were useful for you!
Motion sensors for turning on street and indoor lights help to rationally use resources (50-80% energy saving), detecting the presence or movement of objects on the site. Modern technologies bring convenience to our lives, increase the comfort of our existence. Motion sensors automatically turn on the lights when a person enters the control zone. When an object moves, the light turns on automatically. This device is extremely handy when you need to turn on the light, but at the moment your hands are busy with something. And if there is no movement for some time (which is set individually), the lamp goes out. Outdoor motion sensor for lighting how to set up? How is the motion sensor connected? Where can motion sensors be used to turn on the light?
Yes, anywhere. More specifically, where a person stays for a short time, that is, in the corridors, on the stairs, storerooms, at the entrance, at the gate.
The motion sensor is a special device that belongs to the category of detection devices. With the help of sensors, it captures a moving object that falls into its coverage area, transmits the received signal to the lamp.
When purchasing a sensor to turn on the light, it is necessary to take into account its parameters, features:
- Place of installation: devices for turning on the light can be installed outdoors, indoors, under awnings. They are mounted and built-in, you also need to take into account the specifics of fastening, the level of security of the device.
- Features of the installation of the sensor depend on its power. The type of device affects the conditions of its installation.
- It is necessary to take into account the features of the trigger zone, since only visible areas for control are available to signaling devices. The response radius is reduced even due to hanging chandeliers or cornices.
- Glass is a barrier to infrared rays.
- You should pay attention to the presence of a function for setting the exact time of switching on or off the light. This aspect will be important if the rooms are large, where there is not one sensor, but several devices.
- It is important to take into account the viewing angles of the device, the perception radius of these devices varies from 180 to 360 degrees. Sensors with 180-degree perception are often installed on the walls; they are triggered when an object enters or exits the room. Ceiling motion sensors are installed only with a full viewing angle.
- It is necessary to take into account the interaction of the ranges of active and passive sections - this is true for an office space or a rest room.
- There are categories of devices that have the function of tuning to human breathing.
Motion sensors: types and classification
Light sensors are divided into two types: according to the class of the signaling device and the place where the installation will be made. Devices are divided into outdoor (used for the street) and indoor (for rooms).
The functions of outdoor devices for turning on the light work on the principle of calculating the distance from the device to the object. Perimeter type sensors are designed for a certain part of the territory. Their use is relevant for large private estates, extensive house adjoining areas. For most devices, the response range is quite wide: from 100 to 500 meters. You also need to consider that some types of specialized devices must correspond to a certain spotlight. You can install a room sensor in any room of the house, its main difference from the street counterpart is intolerance to temperature changes.
These devices are divided into:
- Ultrasonic - their work is based on the reflection of ultrasound from the surrounding objects. This is the most affordable, uncomplicated, durable category of sensors;
- Microwave - work on the principle of a locator. The radar is tuned to a specific range of signals. He catches them and sends the signaling device. After the signal is caught, the light will automatically turn on. Among experts, it is generally accepted that this principle of operation is more practical than that of ultrasonic sensors. However, the cost of such devices is higher;
- Infrared - their principle of operation is similar to the reaction of an ultrasensitive thermometer. Such sensors respond to the temperature of an object that falls into their zone of action (for example, 36.6 ° C). It should be borne in mind that these devices are dependent on changes in the temperature of the surrounding space, so it is not recommended to install them in the kitchen area or entrance doors. These devices are optimally suited for residential areas, the temperature response range can be adjusted so that they are not triggered by the movement of pets.
How to connect a motion sensor
To connect these devices, no special skills are required, it is enough to understand the principle of connecting wiring and a signaling device. For a more attractive aesthetic perception, the entire system is hidden in a special distribution box. Each device is accompanied by an appropriate installation manual, as well as a connection diagram for a motion sensor for lighting.
The principle of operation is somewhat reminiscent of the process of connecting contacts in a conventional switch, since their operating parameters are identical. Here and there, a relay acts as an actuator.
The practice is widespread when a switch with a motion sensor is used, this is especially true for residents of private houses. When approaching the gate in the dark, the lamp above the entrance turns on, and the sensor is adjusted in such a way that a person can easily overcome the distance from the gate to the house.
In cases where it is necessary for the lamp to work even when there is no movement in the room, a switch connected in parallel to the sensor is added to the circuit. Thus, when the switch is turned on, the light source will be connected to another circuit, bypassing the sensor. At the same time, the fixture will still control the lighting even when the switch is turned off.
Schematic with circuit breaker connection In some cases, when the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is large, one sensor is not enough, a lighting source connection scheme with two devices is used. To avoid a phase-to-phase short circuit, it must be understood that both signaling devices are connected from the same phase.
Wiring diagram for a luminaire with two sensors Owners of private houses with a large local area often combine the connection of sensors and several powerful spotlights. Since the sensor power is approximately 500-700 W, a magnetic starter is used in such cases.
Connection diagram of a motion sensor with a magnetic starter How to set up a motion sensor to turn on the light with your own hands
Potentiometers are responsible for setting the sensors. They fall into three categories:
- time intervals;
- sensitivity level;
- illumination.
Setting the time intervals is the easiest. You just need to set the required time period. Depending on the instrument model, this value varies from 5 seconds to 10 minutes.
The higher the sensitivity level, the better the device responds to movement. If too frequent operation of the sensor is observed, then the sensitivity threshold should be reduced. This factor also applies to spontaneous inclusions. When setting the sensitivity level, you also need to take into account the time of year, for example, in summer the devices operate in standard mode, and in winter there are frequent failures. This situation is due to the response of devices to the heat produced by heating appliances.
The light factor is important: the sensor must function correctly when it is light. Thus, when an object moves, the device should automatically determine the level of illumination. If the level is below the set threshold, the device is triggered. And if it’s higher, then no, since the room does not need additional lighting, it’s day outside.
conclusions
Motion sensors for turning on street and home lights are compact, economical in terms of energy consumption, they are easy to install. They are convenient, relevant for use in private homes, in summer cottages, in areas around the house. In addition to their direct purpose, they perform the function of a kind of alarm against intruders, they work exactly when strangers appear on your territory.
The motion sensor is a necessary attribute of a modern interior, the functional comfort of your home.
Turning on the lights in some rooms or on the street for the entire dark period is unreasonable. In order for the light to burn only when needed, a motion sensor is placed in the power supply circuit of the lamp. In the "normal" state, it breaks the power circuit. When a moving object appears in its coverage area, the contacts close, the lighting turns on. After the object disappears from the coverage area, the light turns off. Such an algorithm of work showed itself perfectly in street lighting, in lighting utility rooms, corridors, basements, porches and stairs. In general, in those places where people appear only periodically. So for economy and convenience, it is better to put a motion sensor to turn on the light.
Species and varieties
Motion sensors for turning on the light can be of different types, designed for different operating conditions. First of all, you need to look at where the device can be installed.
Outdoor motion sensors have a high degree of body protection. For normal operation in the open air, sensors with an IP of at least 55 are taken, but higher is better. For installation in the house, you can take IP 22 and higher.
Power type
The largest group is wired ones for connecting to 220 V. There are fewer wireless ones, but they are also enough. They are good if you need to turn on lighting powered by low-voltage current sources - batteries or solar panels, for example.
Method for determining the presence of movement
The motion sensor for turning on the light can detect moving objects using various detection principles:
Most often, infrared motion sensors are used to turn on the light on the street or at home. They have a low price, a large range, a large number of adjustments that will help you set it up. On stairs and in long corridors, it is better to put a sensor with ultrasound or microwave. They are able to turn on the light even if you are still far from the light source. Microwaves are recommended for installation in security systems - they detect movement even behind partitions.
Specifications
After you have decided which motion sensor you will install to turn on the light, you need to select its technical characteristics.
Viewing angle
The motion sensor for turning on the light can have a different viewing angle in the horizontal plane - from 90 ° to 360 °. If an object can be approached from any direction, sensors with a radius of 180-360 ° are installed, depending on its location. If the device is mounted on a wall, 180° is enough, if on a pole, 360° is already needed. Indoors, you can use those that track movement in a narrow sector.
If there is only one door (utility room, for example), a narrow-band sensor may be sufficient. If the room can be entered from two or three sides, the model should be able to see at least 180 °, and preferably in all directions. The wider the "coverage", the better, but the cost of wide-angle models is much higher, so it is worth proceeding from the principle of reasonable sufficiency.
There is also a vertical viewing angle. In conventional inexpensive models, it is 15-20 °, but there are models that can cover up to 180 °. Wide-angle motion detectors are usually installed in security systems, and not in lighting systems, since their cost is solid. In this regard, it is worth choosing the height of the device installation correctly: so that the “dead zone”, in which the detector simply does not see anything, is not in the place where the movement is most intense.
Range
Here again, it is worth choosing taking into account whether a motion sensor will be installed in the room to turn on the light or on the street. For rooms with a range of 5-7 meters, it will be enough with your head.
For the street, the installation of more "long-range" ones is desirable. But look here too: with a large coverage radius, false positives can be very frequent. So too much coverage can even be a disadvantage.
Power of connected lamps
Each motion sensor for turning on the light is designed to connect a certain load - it can pass a current of a certain rating through itself. Therefore, when choosing, you need to know the total power of the lamps that the device will connect.
In order not to overpay for the increased bandwidth of the motion sensor, and even save on electricity bills, use not incandescent lamps, but more economical ones - gas discharge, fluorescent or.
Method and place of installation
In addition to the explicit division into street and "home" there is another type of division according to the installation location of motion sensors:
If the lighting is turned on only to increase comfort, cabinet models are chosen, since with equal characteristics they are cheaper. Embedded put in security systems. They are small but more expensive.
Additional functions
Some motion detectors have additional features. Some of them are overkill, others, in certain situations, can be useful.
These are all features that may be useful. Pay particular attention to the animal protection and shutdown delay. These are really useful options.
Where to place
You need to install the motion sensor to turn on the lighting correctly - in order for it to work correctly, follow certain rules:
In large rooms, it is better to install the device on the ceiling. Its viewing radius should be 360°. If the sensor must turn on the lighting from any movement in the room, it is installed in the center, if only some part is controlled, the distance is chosen so that the "dead zone" of the ball is minimal.
Motion sensor to turn on the light: installation diagrams
In the simplest case, the motion sensor is connected to a break in the phase wire that goes to the lamp. If we are talking about a dark room without windows, such a scheme is efficient and optimal.
If we talk specifically about connecting wires, then phase and zero are connected to the input of the motion sensor (usually signed L for phase and N for neutral). From the output of the sensor, the phase is fed to the lamp, and we take zero and earth to it from the shield or from the nearest junction box.
If we are talking about street lighting or turning on the light in a room with windows, you will either need to install a light sensor (photo relay) or install a switch on the line. Both devices prevent the lighting from turning on during daylight hours. It’s just that one (photo relay) works in automatic mode, and the second is turned on forcibly by a person.
They are also placed in the gap of the phase wire. Only when using a light sensor, it must be placed in front of the motion relay. In this case, it will receive power only after it gets dark and will not work “idle” during the day. Since any electrical appliance is designed for a certain number of operations, this will extend the life of the motion sensor.
All the schemes described above have one drawback: the lighting cannot be turned on for a long time. If you need to carry out some work on the stairs in the evening, you will have to move all the time, otherwise the light will turn off periodically.
A switch is installed in parallel with the detector to enable the lighting to be switched on for a long time. While it is off, the sensor is in operation, the light turns on when it is triggered. If you need to turn on the lamp for a long period, flip the switch. The lamp stays on all the time until the switch is turned back to the off position.
Adjustment (setting)
After installation, the motion sensor to turn on the light must be configured. To adjust almost all parameters on the case there are small rotary controls. They can be rotated by inserting a fingernail into the slot, but it is better to use a small screwdriver. We will describe the adjustment of a motion sensor of the DD type with a built-in light sensor, since they are most often installed in private homes for automation.
Tilt angle
For those sensors that are mounted on the walls, you first need to set the angle of inclination. They are fixed on swivel brackets, with the help of which their position is changed. It must be chosen so that the controlled area is the largest. It will not be possible to give exact recommendations, since it depends on the vertical viewing angle of the model and on the height at which you hung it.
The optimal installation height of the motion sensor is about 2.4 meters. In this case, even those models that can span only 15-20° vertically control enough space. Adjusting the angle of inclination is a very rough name for what you have to do. You will gradually change the angle of inclination, check how the sensor works in this position from different possible entry points. Easy, but tedious.
Sensitivity
On the case, this adjustment is signed SEN (from English sensitive - sensitivity). The position can be changed from minimum (min/low) to maximum (max/hight).
This is one of the most difficult settings, since it determines whether the sensor will work on small animals (cats and dogs). If the dog is large, it will not be possible to avoid false positives. With medium and small animals this is quite possible. The setup procedure is as follows: set it to a minimum, check how it works for you and for smaller inhabitants. If necessary, gradually increase the sensitivity.
Delay time
Different models have a different turn-off delay range - from 3 seconds to 15 minutes. It must be inserted all the same - by turning the adjusting wheel. It is usually signed by Time (translated from English as "time").
Glow time or delay time - choose what you like best
Everything is relatively easy here - knowing the minimum and maximum of your model, approximately choose the position. After turning on the flashlight, freeze and note the time after which it will turn off. Next, change the position of the regulator in the desired direction.
Light level
This adjustment refers to a photo relay, which, as we agreed, is built into our motion sensor to turn on the light. If there is no built-in photo relay, it simply will not be. This adjustment is signed LUX, the extreme positions are signed min and max.
When connecting, set the regulator to the maximum position. And in the evening, at that level of illumination, when you think the light should already turn on, turn the knob slowly to the min position until the lamp / lantern turns on.
