How to properly make a T-shaped connection of wires. Features of connecting the power cable to various elements of the electrical network. How to connect copper wires

The answer seems simple, but nevertheless, often when connecting wires, electricians and people who do electrical work themselves violate the basic requirements for electrical contacts. What does this lead to? In the best case, the wires burn at the connection point, in the worst case, it leads to ignition and a large fire. To prevent this from happening, the rest of the article will discuss the main methods of connecting wires when carrying out electrical installation work.

Connection methods: - twisting; - through a terminal; - through a clamp; - bolted connection; - soldering; - through lugs.

Connecting wires using the twisting method. This is the fastest and easiest way to connect one or more wires, so it is used most often than others. If the wires are twisted correctly, then when used on a home network with a light load, they will last a long time without any reminders. Frequent mistakes when connecting wires using the twisting method.

The most common mistake that installers make is twisting wires of different metals (copper and aluminum). With such a connection, a complex process of electrolysis occurs in the twist, which leads to the destruction of the metal itself. It becomes covered with oxides and potholes. All this leads to poor contact at the junction, and subsequently heating.

At the end, fold the excess onto this twist.

The copper is now in direct contact with the aluminum through the tinned wire. And this will prevent electrolysis from occurring on different conductors. Connection through a terminal. The presence of terminals can also facilitate this work and ensure a high-quality connection. There are many types of terminals, but they have the same principle. The photo shows two types of terminals, which can often be seen in different devices.

For example, in fluorescent lamps, at the junction of the power wires. Also, these terminals are freely available for sale and can be supplied in quantities of 10 pieces. and more in length. Having purchased such a block, you can simply cut off the required number of elements with a knife. Connecting conductors of different metals in a terminal is not difficult. First you need to remove the insulation from the end of the wires by 3-4 mm so that the exposed area does not extend far beyond the terminal.

We unscrew the screws until the wire strands pass freely, and after inserting, we clamp them.

Do not apply too much force, otherwise the fragile threads will “break”, which will require replacing the terminal. This connection is quite reliable. With a current of up to 1.5 kW, it can easily cope with its task. It all depends on which terminal to use. Here we consider the weakest one; using a more powerful one, the flow current can be increased.

In addition to the option of connecting wires made of different materials, terminals can be successfully used to increase the length. This can be useful in cases where the wire in the box is so short that it is not long enough to make a twist. This is where the terminal will help. The same applies to a broken wire coming from the ceiling to the lamp.

Then the problem with the connection can be solved with its help. How to do this is clear from the photograph.

After the screws are securely clamped, this entire exposed area must be insulated with adhesive PVC tape. Bolted connection. Bolts, nuts and washers are always at hand. Therefore, in the absence of clamps and terminals, they will also work. By the way, large-sized bolts are used to make fairly high-quality connections for powerful large-section cables, and this method is still successfully used in industrial enterprises. So, you will need: - a bolt of the required length; - a nut; - three wide washers.

You need to bend according to the movement of the thread. That is, so that when the nut is tightened, the loop does not open to the sides. The washer between the two conductors will prevent them from touching and will prevent the effect of electrolysis, which destroys metals.

Soldering. A soldered connection is considered to be of the highest quality, since the resistance in this place becomes minimal. Some people solder the twists in the boxes themselves, thus improving the connection. But it can be done with copper. And aluminum doesn't solder very well. Yes, you can use various acids and additives, but they, as a rule, destroy the compound themselves over time.

Tips. If you find such tips, it will be very good. This is one of the most reliable types of connection. We insert the wires into the lugs and clamp them with pliers, and then press them with a hammer and a clamp.

The lugs must be tinned, or you need to wrap the aluminum conductor with tinned wire before inserting it into the hole in the lug. Afterwards, the terminals should be compressed with a bolt and nut, and everything should be insulated with tape. Conclusion: Of course, now there are more advanced methods and devices for connecting wires, but they need to be purchased and mastered, which takes extra money and time. The good old methods described above will be used for a long time, and will also serve faithfully for a long time. So why pay more?!

Quite often it is necessary to connect wires of different cross-sections; this can be seen in the distribution boards of residential buildings, when branches go from the supply core to each of the apartments.

The difference in cross-sections, and sometimes significant, primarily implies a very tight connection in order to avoid heating in this place.

The most commonly used connection method in this case is twisting. Despite the seeming backwardness of this method, many experts can confirm that if the twisting is done well, it can withstand a much greater load and temperature than a clamp.

It is advisable to do twisting in the case when it is necessary to make a branch from the main line that does not have a break. In this case, in a selected area, the insulation layer is simply removed, and the end of the connected wire is wound around the core of the line.

When a wire break does occur, mechanical clamps, or terminal blocks, or any other device that is structurally designed to connect such cross-sectional sizes can be used.

If, for example, you need to connect wires of different cross-sections (they are also suitable for the same cross-section) and the same material (copper or aluminum), then in this case the special connecting blocks presented below are well suited.

They have different numbers of inputs: in the figure, respectively: 2, 4, 6.

That is, this is a “sort of” twist for 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 wires.

You need to understand that after connecting the wires in this way, they can no longer be removed from the block. Therefore, if you have never tried to work with such devices, buy a few of them in a store with a supply and practice at home. They cost pennies.

For a chandelier, the option of using wago type terminals, especially if the wires coming from the ceiling are short, will not be very good, since, as already mentioned, in this case the wires cannot be removed (for example, you will need to change the chandelier or wash it) and you will have to cut them off. In the case of terminals with a screw connection, it will be enough to simply unscrew the fastening screws and release the wires.

Connecting wires of different sections requires care. However, by twisting or soldering, you can only connect cores of adjacent sections, for example, 4 sq. mm and 5 sq. mm.

1. Conductors of different sizes are connected using screw-type terminals (SCI). This device allows you to insert a core of one cross-section into one entrance, and a different cross-section into the other. A reliable clamp will ensure perfect electrical contact. Each wire is clamped with a separate screw.
2. Universal self-clamps Wago. This tool has been used for quite some time. It is easy to use. They are intended not only for connecting conductors with different cross-sections, but also create good contact between conductors made of different raw materials.
3. A bolted connection can be made from an unlimited number of conductors. They use both different sections and different materials. Installation of washers in such a connection is mandatory. In addition, it is important to tighten the bolts tightly so that they do not quickly become loose.
4. It is common to use tinned copper tips in combination with a bolted connection. Tips alone are not enough; you also need to purchase a hydraulic press or special pliers. To achieve a tight connection, the insulation must be removed in accordance with the PUE. Similar to the previous method, flat metal washers are used.

All types of wire connections described above are used when laying electrical wiring, but the specific type is selected based on several characteristics:

• type and material of the core (copper/aluminum and single-core/stranded);
• number of connected wires;
• operating conditions (indoors, outdoors).

Removing the insulating layer from the wires

I would like to immediately dwell on a question that will be common to any method. Before connecting the wires into a common electrical unit, they must be stripped of the top insulating layer.

This can be done using a mechanic's knife. This method is simple, but there is a high probability of damage to the conductor. To do everything correctly, you must strictly follow the step-by-step instructions:

1. Place the wire on some flat surface (such as a table).
2. Press it with your left index finger.
3. With your right hand, take the knife and lightly press it into the insulating sheath of the wire. To avoid snagging the metal core, position it towards the cut at an angle. If the angle is right, there is a possibility of a circular cut in the core, as a result of which it may subsequently break.
4. Hold the knife in this position. Using the index finger of your left hand, slowly twist the conductor one full turn, thus cutting the insulation around the entire circle.
5. All that remains is to pull off the cut piece of insulation.

Professional electricians now necessarily have in their arsenal such a device as a stripper. This is a multifunctional tool that can be used to strip insulation from a wire or cut a cable. It can be simple, semi-automatic or automatic. The most important thing is that when stripping the insulation with a stripper, the conductor is not damaged. For each standard core diameter, such a tool has a calibrated hole with a cutting edge.

The length to which wire cores need to be stripped is different for each connection method.

Twist

Let's start with the simplest and most well-known method - twisting. It can also be called the oldest; it’s not for nothing that electricians call twisting the “old-fashioned method.”

Almost every home craftsman faces the need to connect wires. During repairs, new wiring, or simply connecting a new device to the network, similar actions are required. They differ in scale and complexity.

On the way to the consumer, electrical networks have many branches. In these places they are installed connectors for wires. There are many types of them. Every electrician should know how to correctly select and use such elements of electrical networks before starting work.

Evolution of compounds

Previously, electricians never had a question. For this purpose, the same technology was used for all. The wires were stripped, twisted between soda and wrapped with electrical tape.

Previously, wiring in houses was made from copper wire. Today, a copper conductor is simply necessary for the arrangement. In recent decades, new, powerful technology has appeared in our homes and apartments. When using it, durable, high-quality wiring is required.

According to experts, malfunctions most often occur at the junctions of wires. Twisted conductors begin to heat up as the load increases. Electrical tape dries out over time. There is a high probability of a short circuit in this place. To avoid fire, it is necessary to use special wire connectors. Kinds and the features of the use of such products will be discussed further.

Wiring rules

To understand which wire connections are appropriate to make in a particular case, it is necessary to consider the rules for arranging electrical installations. They clearly indicate which methods are acceptable when arranging modern communication systems. Considering rules for connecting wires, conclusions can be drawn about the unacceptability of using twists. The regulatory documentation clearly states that all cores must be connected by welding, crimping, squeezing or soldering.

The wiring must be made from a cable with a copper core. In order for such a network to have high reliability indicators, the connections must be as strong as possible. The cross-section of the cores is selected in accordance with the total expected load. The more equipment is connected to the network, the thicker the conductor needs to be connected to the system.

Caps

Considering how to connect wires together, some unprofessional craftsmen still decide to give preference to twisting wires. This is acceptable if local wiring repairs are being made or a low-power device is being connected to the home network. In this case, the master can somewhat improve such a junction of the cores.

To ensure greater reliability, special caps are used. They are used instead of electrical tape. They are also called (PPE).

It is safer than the duct tape option. The connector looks like a plastic cup. It is built into it. It clamps the contacts and ensures reliable contact. High-quality clamps contain a special lubricant that prevents oxidation processes. When choosing, you must take into account what wires the product is intended for (multi-core or single-core). You should also evaluate the cross-section of the conductor for which the clamp is intended. PPE is not used to connect cores made of different materials.

Terminals

More often cable connector today it looks like terminals. They are made of brass. In this case, the connected ends of the cable do not contact each other directly. Therefore, using such structures, it is possible to switch identical conductors, cores of different cross-sectional sizes, made of different materials.

To be able to create the correct joint, you need to select the appropriate types of terminals. They differ in the nominal current rating, as well as the permissible diameter for the wire. All characteristics of the terminals are indicated on their housing.

Some commercially available terminals may contain a special filler. The gel prevents oxidation processes, increasing the reliability of the connection. Terminals can be knife, spring, or screw.

Spring varieties

Spring type are used for both simple and complex circuits. For several pairs of wires, a special block modification is made.

Fixation occurs due to straightening of the spring mechanism. This mount is considered one of the most reliable. This mechanism includes a special lubricant. It differs from previous materials that are used in fasteners. This is not a gel, but a lubricant of a certain consistency.

When producing a type, manufacturers indicate the scope of application of such products. Clamps are available for stranded and This must be taken into account when choosing. Most often, the presented type of fastening is used for branching zero and phase.

Blade terminals

Today another one is used electrical connector. It is called a knife terminal. This is a reliable, durable connection. These terminals are easy to install and operate. In this case, the wires are connected using a special conductive plate. When clamping wires, this structural element cuts the braid around the core. Therefore, when making such a connection, the wires do not need to be stripped.

Due to its features, the presented type of terminals is considered reliable and durable. When installing, the technician must apply force to secure the ends of the conductors well. This is considered the norm. Sometimes you have to use pliers to clamp.

The presented variety of terminal connectors is produced for permanent and detachable connection types. In the first option, the master must carefully consider all the nuances of organizing the electrical circuit. This process is carried out before installation work begins.

Connecting different materials

As you know, in modern wiring two types of conductors are used. The first category includes conductors made of copper, and the second - made of aluminum. According to fire safety rules, it is recommended to give preference to the first option. However, in some cases the master has to combine copper and aluminum conductors.

The conventional configuration cannot guarantee high quality at the junction. This is due to a number of reasons. With temperature changes, the linear expansion of different metals will not be identical. In this case, a gap may form between the directly joined aluminum and copper.

At the same time, the resistance increases at the point of their contact. The conductors begin to heat up. Also, a film of oxides appears on the stripped conductors. This also contributes to poor contact. This state of the network provokes various malfunctions and can cause a fire. Therefore, only special types of contactors are suitable for such connections.

Screw terminals

Electrical connector may be screw type. Such contactors have been used for a long time. This type of terminals has certain disadvantages and advantages. These are compact, easy-to-install devices. They allow you to connect wires of different diameters. Moreover, they can be used for both single-core and multi-core conductors. In the second option, the end of the cable is stripped and crimped with brass lugs.

The disadvantage of the presented one is the inability of the terminals to connect more than three conductors at the same time. This complicates the work somewhat, forcing you to make more connections. Also, over time, such a connector loses its original characteristics. The wires no longer fit tightly together. Therefore, when using a screw connection, you periodically have to tighten the junction of the wires.

For large diameter wires, connections are used, popularly known as “nut”. Such contactors are most often used when connecting wires from the carrier line to the house.

Modern connectors

Many electricians use male-female connector for wires. This type of connector has been known for a long time. This type of connector is divided into a “male” type with a plug or plug, and a “female” type with a socket or socket. Within the same series, such connectors are compatible with each other.

This is one of the most reliable, modern types of contactors. It will not be possible to connect the wires incorrectly with this connection. The male pins will completely match the internal configuration of the female sockets. In some cases, for accuracy of installation, painting of the connection points is used. This allows you to understand which consumer the connector is intended for and not confuse them.

Female-to-female and male-to-male connectors are available for sale. These are extension cords. Depending on the belonging to each category, contactors with a socket or plug are used.

Spring leads for dissimilar wires

They can be spring-type from different materials. They also help to eliminate direct contact between the cores. They can be detachable or non-detachable. One of the most famous and reliable ways to connect copper and aluminum cables is the Wago universal connector. The cross-section of the cores when using it can also be different.

One-piece wire connectors use the screw terminal principle. You can also use devices in which the metal plate is replaced by a special conductive rod. It is riveted to provide a secure connection. Exposed sections of the cable must be additionally insulated.

Having considered what exist wire connectors, as well as their characteristic differences, everyone will be able to choose the best option for connecting various devices or carrying out repair work.

When doing DIY repairs of household appliances or electrical wiring maintenance, any craftsman is faced with the issue of safely creating electrical circuits by connecting wires to each other or connecting them to output terminal blocks.

At the same time, even experienced electricians can make mistakes in ensuring the reliable formation of electrical contacts, which will not appear at the initial moment of operation, but will create a malfunction over time.

The metal of the wire is made for the ideal flow of electric current through it. For this purpose, it is cast from a homogeneous composition of copper or aluminum alloy with a standard cross-section along its entire length.

To create contact, simply touching the surfaces without any effort is enough. The photo below shows that if you place the exposed core of a second wire on one bare section, an electrical connection is formed between them. Through it, a 4-volt battery can make a light bulb from a flashlight glow.

Home wiring is much larger - 220 volts. An erroneous conclusion is drawn from this fact: it is easy to create contact between electrical wires.

Novice electricians simply forget the issue of providing reliable contact resistance for long-term operation of such a connection.

When installing wires, the home master is faced with the need to process:

1. conductor;
2. insulation layer.

These are two interrelated processes that ensure the final result - the optimal flow of electric current through the created circuit.

How to work with wire insulation layer

The dielectric coating protects the metal core from unexpected circuits. When it is violated, leakage currents immediately appear, leading to malfunctions.

The wire insulation layer may be damaged:

• under mechanical influence;
• overheating;
• from solar radiation.

Protection is required from all these destructive factors. Moreover, if necessary, removing the insulation layer to connect the wire, you must not damage the surface of the metal core.

To do this job safely, many tools with cutting edges have been created. Let's consider their use at home.

Electrician's knife

Trade provides a wide range of their designs. Some workers prefer to use knives made by themselves from materials selected according to individual characteristics.

When choosing the right model for your needs, pay attention to them, eliminating the possibility of accidental cuts.

The main condition for proper operation is the orientation of the blade relative to the axis of the wire. The angle formed should be acute. Then the knife will cut off the dielectric layer and at the same time slide along the metal without touching it.

Installing a knife perpendicular to the wire will cut not only the insulation, but also the surface of the metal core. This means it will reduce its cross-section, break the connection, increase the electrical resistance to the passing current, which will cause excessive heating and aging of the dielectric layer.

Deep penetration of a sharp blade into the metal leads to rapid breakage when the wire bends. Such scratches can be identified by careful visual inspection. But who does this?

A lineman's knife is a common tool for every electrician, but not all home craftsmen have good practical skills in removing insulation with it. And experienced specialists can accidentally cut metal and not notice the mistake.

Therefore, industry has long been producing tools adapted for these purposes.

Stripping pliers

Their industrial designs have been produced for quite some time, and the design is constantly being improved. Let's look at them with examples.

Rare sample

Combined pliers were produced for the Soviet electrician's tool kit, allowing:

• Safely cut through and remove insulation from wires with typical cross-sections of 1.5 and 2.5 mm square;
• bite copper wires;
• bend neat rings;
• perform other operations.

They cope with their tasks normally even now, despite their unsightly appearance, slight wear and heavy weight. To strip the insulation from the ends of the wire, it is enough:

• insert it into the corresponding slot;
• squeeze the handles to cut the insulation;
• ensure axial movement of the pliers to the end of the wire.

The surface of the metal core is not damaged and remains in its original condition.

The increased compression force of the handles is compensated by the design of the pliers and does not create malfunctions.

Modern models

They have significantly greater technical capabilities, allowing them to work with wires of small and large cross-sections, both monolithic and stranded conductors.

The case, made of high-strength plastic, has dielectric properties and is lighter in weight. Various regulators and devices are installed on it.

Before work, such a tool must not only be studied, but also correctly adjusted for each cross-section. Otherwise he will create problems.

Pliers and side cutters

Among electricians, there is a category of workers who remove insulation in a similar way. The error of this method is the uncontrolled squeezing force of the handles, leading to squeezing of the metal wire, deformation and destruction of its surface.

This error may occur periodically in a random pattern. It depends on the employee’s experience, condition, attentiveness and other factors.

Removing insulation in this way is dangerous, and the places where it is removed must be carefully checked. Particular attention should be paid to stranded strands.

How to work with metal core wires

Methods for creating electrical contacts through wire are based on the use of:

• screw terminals;
• twists;
• soldering or welding;
• spring compression.

Screw connections

The connection can be made:

• pressing the ring;
• by pressing the core with a screw directly or through washers.

Making rings

When screwing in the screw, the ring of wires should work to compress, not unwind. They must be separated with wide washers on each side of the surface. A wire that is incorrectly clamped into a ring may come out of the fastening during operation.

This method is considered the most reliable and is widely used in energy enterprises.

Using terminal blocks

The metal core is inserted into a special socket and held in it by the tightening force of a screw through the surface of a spring steel washer or its threaded end.

With this method, it is important to maintain the nominal value of screw screwing force. Weak twisting leads to the wire being pulled out of the terminal (you need to check it with your hand), and excessive twisting crushes the wire.

Twisting wires

The created contact surface between the cores must cover the cross-sectional area with a margin.

To do this, the twisted ends with the insulation removed are made of a large length, about 10 cm, and they are twisted using pliers quite tightly with an even distribution of turns.

When twisting, the wires should be well crimped and stretched to ensure reliable contact of the surfaces.

Ways to Create an Improved Twist

The contact resistance of the surface layer can be reduced by:

• welding the final section of the connection;
• soldering twisted surface.

Not every home master can use this technology. It requires special equipment - a welding transformer for copper or aluminum, or. Therefore, in home wiring, the twists are immediately covered with electrical tape or insulated with heat-shrinkable tubes.

Typical twist errors

Often, electricians make short ends of the wire, which, under heavy loads, cause increased heating of the contact connection being created.

Insulating caps for connecting wires

The contact is created by compressing the surfaces of each wire with the force of a spiral spring built inside the housing.

Metal wires of the appropriate diameter, stripped of insulation, are screwed into a spiral, creating a twist. The steel spring straightens a little when the ends of the wire are inserted and compresses them into the socket.

Errors in installing wires with PPE caps

Poor connection contact quality occurs from:

• incompetent work of electricians;
• the use of low-quality counterfeits of branded products;
• incorrect calculation or installation of electrical wiring;
• incorrect and protective shutdown devices.

To prevent possible malfunctions, individual craftsmen increase the surface of the twist, having first removed a larger layer of insulation than required and twist it on it. After screwing in the PPE cap, the exposed area is wrapped with electrical tape or covered with heat-shrink tubing, which creates additional compression.

However, such technology is not provided by manufacturers and requires additional actions and time.

Wago terminal blocks

When using them, the electrical contact of the circuit is created by a spring clamp controlled by a special lever.

The wire is inserted with a metal core into the terminal block socket until it stops with the lever retracted, and then fixed in it with a simple action. The created contact connection has an acceptable contact resistance and works well at rated loads. You should not count on its reliable operation under long-term overloads of more than 16 amperes.

The advantage of Vago terminal blocks is the ability to quickly rewire the circuit for its reconstruction. The wires from them in most designs can be quickly and easily removed. However, there are disposable models on sale that do not provide the function of re-breaking the created chain.

This connection method is common among our western neighbors. It is well suited for the DIYer who does everything with his own hands, but does not have sufficient practice in reliably connecting cores in other ways.

Features of connecting a flexible wire

Stranded strands are designed for use in mobile electrical appliances. They withstand bending and twisting well, but do not work well when installed in terminal blocks to create a screw or spring contact.

Under the created compression force, individual wires are deformed, and their overall twist spreads so that the total cross-sectional area of ​​the wire can decrease.

To prevent this process, metal tips with a dielectric insert of appropriate diameters are used. After installing the bare core in them, a small crimp is made, creating electrical contact.

When a stranded wire with such a tip is inserted into the terminal block, it is additionally compressed by fastening a screw or by spring force. As a result, a normal electrical contact is created from all the wires.

Only properly configured protection can prevent the consequences of undetected installation errors when switching on under load:

• circuit breakers,

To supplement the material on reliable connection of wires, in relation to home wiring conditions, the owner’s video “Tips from an Electrician” “Pros and Cons” provides information. We recommend viewing.

In stranded wires, the cross-section is formed by several, sometimes intertwined, cores. Knowing how to connect stranded wires to each other, you can easily do this work yourself and get a strong contact that is absolutely safe during operation.

Where are stranded wires used?

Any stranded conductor contains at its base a large number of thin wires. The use of a multi-core cable is important in areas that require a large number of bends or, if necessary, to pull the conductor through holes that are too narrow and long enough.

The scope of application of stranded conductors is presented:

• extended tees;
• mobile lighting devices;
• automotive wiring;
• connecting lighting fixtures to the electrical network;
• connecting switches or other types of levers to influence the electrical network.

Flexible stranded conductors can be twisted repeatedly and easily, which does not negatively affect the functionality of the system. Among other things, this particular type of electrical wiring is distinguished by plasticity, and greater flexibility and elasticity is imparted to the wire by weaving a special thread, which in strength and composition is a bit like nylon.

Methods for connecting stranded wires to each other

The methods used today for electrical connections of stranded conductors are distinguished by the ability to obtain not only strong, reliable and durable, but also completely safe contact of the conductors.

Stranding of stranded conductors

This option is the easiest to implement and intuitive, not requiring the use of special equipment or professional tools.

Twisting is the easiest way to connect stranded wires

The second method consists of the following steps:

Twisting wires using the third method:

There is also a fourth method, which is as follows:

Soldering method

Soldering the conductors using a household soldering iron ensures high-strength contact and good electrical conductivity. Tinning of stranded conductors is carried out using rosin (flux) and standard solder using standard technology.

Terminal type connections

The use of terminals of different types is the most affordable way to connect multi-core wires in everyday life. In most cases, the terminal blocks used are divided into a couple of main types.

The principle of operation of clamping terminals involves fixing the wire using a built-in spring mechanism.

Terminals are often used to connect wires

The screw-type terminal block involves reliable fixation of all connected stranded wires using a screw. To increase the area of ​​wire contact with a conductive surface, an additional bend of the core is required.

The wires in the terminal block are secured by tightening the screws

Stage-by-stage execution of work:

Crimping method

The crimping method involves connecting wires or cables using a copper or aluminum sleeve using special crimping pliers of a hydraulic or manual type.

In this case, the connection is made using a special sleeve

The pressing technology involves stripping the insulation according to the length of the sleeve, and conductors that are too thin should be connected by twisting. Then all the cables are folded together and placed inside the sleeve, after which double crimping is performed along the entire length. The method allows for a reliable and safe connection of multi-core wires made of different types of materials.

Bolted connection

The simplest, but not reliable enough way to connect stranded wires is twisting followed by bolting. This detachable connection option is most often used in open wiring conditions.

Bolted connection is the simplest, but not very reliable

To increase the level of reliability of the connection of stranded wires, it is recommended to strip the ends of insulation, then tin the cleaned areas and fasten them with a bolt.

Application of connecting insulating clamps

PPE elements are used when it is necessary to connect stranded wires with a small cross-section (within 25 mm2). The design feature of this clamp is a plastic body with a built-in cone-shaped spring.

This method is suitable for connecting wires with a small cross-section

Stranded wires are first connected into one bundle using twisting, onto which the clamping part is then screwed. Among other things, the wire connection does not require additional insulation.

Welding method

A permanent connection is the most reliable method when working with multi-core wires. When welding is performed correctly, the general indicators of mechanical strength and contact resistance in terms of reliability do not differ from similar parameters of a solid conductor.

Welding connection of wires is considered the most reliable

Welding can be performed on alternating and direct current. At the preparatory stage, the wires are stripped of insulation, after which they are twisted and straightened by trimming the ends. To ensure that the conductors do not overheat during the welding process, it is necessary to ensure high-quality heat removal.

Security measures

In order to ensure safe operation of connected stranded wires, it is important to insulate all parts of the electrical wiring. Proper insulation helps prevent dangerous contact of conductive parts with each other or with the human body. When choosing an insulating material, it is necessary to take into account the operating conditions of the electrical circuit, but in most cases, insulating tape, as well as a special vinyl or heat-shrinkable tube, are used for this purpose.

If the connection area is exposed to the negative effects of high temperatures, it is recommended to use varnished cloth or fabric insulating tape as an insulating material. Correct execution of all stages of electrical installation is of no small importance. Only with reliable connection and proper connection of all elements of the electrical network is it possible to minimize the risk of areas with poor contact, and also prevent local overheating and electrical wiring breaks.

Multicore cables are a popular and widespread option, widely used for arranging electrical wiring for various purposes. The general rules for the separate connection of stranded and single-core conductors do not have any differences or features, therefore it is allowed to use twisting, screw clamps, PPE elements, welding and soldering for this purpose.

When installing an additional outlet, connecting a new chandelier, or troubleshooting a fault in the electrical wiring, you will have to deal with electrical work. Without practical experience, it is difficult to ensure reliable contact between conductors made of different materials, having different cross-sections or completely different numbers of cores.

The article we have proposed describes in detail all the methods of connecting electrical wires that are used in the construction of electrical wiring. We analyzed the technical and technological features of each option. With our advice, you can successfully repair or upgrade your electrical network.

Any electrical installation work should be carried out competently. It is important to remember that the safety and life of all people and animals living in a house, apartment or country house depends on the correctness of their implementation. A mistake is unacceptable - at best there will be no good contact. And these are non-working electrical points.

In the worst case scenario, a visiting family member, friend or acquaintance could be electrocuted by an improperly insulated connection. Or the wiring will catch fire, which could lead to a fire.

For high-quality and correct execution of electrical wire connections, you need:

• knowledge of the basic types and principles of connections;
• availability of special tools for electrical installation work;
• availability of all consumables that will be useful when performing a specific type of connection;
• preliminary training on individual sections of wires.

When everything you need is available, you should carefully prepare your future place of work. To do this, you need to de-energize all the wires that you have to deal with. This is a very important step that cannot be ignored!

Without knowledge of electrical installation, it is better to entrust the replacement of electrical wiring to a professional electrician

To avoid getting an electric shock, it is better to make sure once again that the apartment or house is actually de-energized. In this case, it is convenient to use an indicator screwdriver - this is an inexpensive tool that can even be purchased in an online store.

It’s convenient when, in addition to the desire to do everything yourself, you also have the necessary tool - with it, performing electrical work is much easier and faster

In a situation where there are serious concerns about the advisability of carrying out electrical installation work yourself, it is better to contact an electrician. Moreover, you should invite only an experienced craftsman who has not only experience in carrying out such work, but also special education.

Electrician services will be especially relevant if you are planning to build a house. You can’t save on this - in the end you can pay double or triple the price, or even pay with your property.

Overview of popular connection types

The main types of connections used in household needs have about 10 options. Among them, there are both simple ones that can be performed without many years of experience, and more complex methods that require not only experience, but also special tools and skills to work with them.

Complex connection options

The connection of two or more wires is carried out in order to obtain high-quality contact. It is he who will ensure the operability of all electrical points in a particular house or apartment.

You can establish reliable contact between conductors on your own or invite a specialist. It all depends on the type of connection chosen, the availability of tools and skills in carrying out such work.

Complex types of connections include:

• soldering;
• welding;
• crimping.

These options will be quite difficult for a beginner to cope with. The fact is that to solder an assembly of two or more conductors you will need a special tool, the skills to work with it are one awkward movement and instead of reliable contact you can get the opposite result.

For soldering, you need to take solder from a tin-lead alloy, rosin and a brush for applying it, a soldering iron and sandpaper for stripping the core

The essence of this method is to remove the insulation from the conductors of the connected conductors and sand them to a shine. Then you need to apply rosin to each vein with a brush and heat it thoroughly with a soldering iron - the stripped metal should be covered on all sides with an even layer of rosin.

When all the conductor strands are prepared, all that remains is to twist them well and heat the solder with a soldering iron, and also heat the resulting twist until the rosin boils. Now you need to apply solder with a soldering iron to the heated assembly of conductors and ensure that it flows evenly between the individual wires.

When using welding, soldering and pressing pliers, a strong and incredibly reliable connection is obtained. In such nodes, contact will not be lost even after 30 years

Once it has been possible to obtain a complete distribution of liquid solder over the entire surface to be soldered, soldering can be completed. Now all that remains is to wait until the resulting assembly cools down naturally.

Welding is an even more complex type of connection. To complete it you will need:

• welding machine;
• carbon electrode;
• flux, which will protect the melt from exposure to oxygen;
• protective mask for the face and special heat-resistant gloves for the hands.

And the most important thing when working with welding is the ability to use the device. In the hands of an amateur, instead of a reliable contact that can last 30-50 years, a melted conductor and damaged insulation will come out from under the welding machine.

Before starting welding, you need to twist it, just like before soldering, until it shines. The essence of welding is to obtain a monolithic metal joint. To do this, you need to pour flux into the recess of the carbon electrode, turn on the welding machine and lower the end of the twist into the same recess.

The ball at the ends of the cores of the connected conductors will ensure reliable contact. Moreover, this method is excellent for multi-core wires

As a result of welding, the ends will melt and a metal ball will form on them. You need to wait for it to cool, clean it of flux and varnish it.

For crimping, you will also need special equipment - press pliers, also called a crimper, and a metal sleeve made of copper, aluminum, a combined alloy or insulation.

To obtain high-quality contact using this method, you need to prepare the conductor cores in the same way as before soldering. For stripping, it is better to use side cutters as a last resort. Then take the sleeve and place the prepared conductors of one conductor into it on one side, and the second conductor on the other.

The distance to which you need to strip the insulation from the conductor cores depends on the chosen connection method

Now you have to use press pliers to compress the connection on both sides. It is important that the sleeve or other type has a diameter suitable for the cross-section of the wires being connected - the cores must fit freely inside.

After compression with a crimper, you should check the quality of the crimping - you need to tug one and the other wire. If they are tightly clamped and do not fall out of the sleeve, then the contact is successful.

All connections obtained as a result of soldering, welding or crimping must be insulated. To do this, use electrical tape or heat shrink tubing.

The second option is more convenient and is now used by both professional electricians and home craftsmen. Moreover, when creating a contact using crimping, the heat-shrinkable tube must be put on before inserting the cores into the sleeve.

Image gallery

Select a liner with the correct material and inner diameter

Select a heat shrink tube of the required diameter. It is important to put it on the wire before crimping with a crimper.

Using press pliers, press the connection on one and the other side, trying to create reliable contact

Place a heat-shrink tube on top of the resulting assembly and heat it with a hair dryer or lighter so that it tightly grips and insulates the contact

Step 1: Select the sleeve of the required diameter

Step 2: Select heat shrink tubing

Step 3: Crimp the connection using a press pliers.

Step 4: Place the tube on top

Easy ways to create contacts

In addition to labor-intensive and complex options for creating a contact, which require skill and special tools, there are simpler ones that can be easily mastered with your own hands. Such methods are acceptable for connecting two or more wires with different cross-sections or the same. And the material of the cores can be different - copper, aluminum or steel.

Simple methods most often used at home include the following compounds:

• twist;
• bolted;
• screw;
• self-clamping.

There are two options for twisting, which can be done at home. The first is to simply twist the wires, stripped to a shine, and wrap electrical tape or heat-shrink tubing on top. The second option is to screw a PPE cap over the twist.

Using insulating tape is extremely inconvenient, especially in hard-to-reach places. It is better to buy heat shrink tubing of the required diameter. Moreover, its price is quite affordable

The first option is a relic of the past. Such connections are unreliable, they can fall apart and contact is lost. In the second case, reliability is countered by the high price for one cap. It is not worth buying cheaper products - they cannot withstand the inclusion of a powerful heater in the network or other electrical appliances.

For a bolted connection, you need to prepare a bolt, washers one more than the number of conductors to be connected, and a nut. When creating a contact, the conductors are prepared in the same way as before welding or soldering. One condition is that the length of the stripped core should be enough to wrap around the bolt 3-4 times.

First, a washer is put on, then the conductor core is wound, then the washer again, again the core of the second conductor, the washer again, etc. When the cores of all conductors are wound, the last washer is put on and the whole thing is secured with a nut. The key must be used to tighten the connection well to ensure good contact. The resulting node must be isolated.

Another simple and inexpensive method is screw connections. They are made using terminal blocks. Moreover, the length of the area that needs to be cleaned from insulation to a shine depends on the model of the device and the cross-section of the conductor.

Image gallery

The PPE cap is easy to put on, as if screwed on top of a twist of wire. It is important to buy an original analogue, not to be tempted by a cheap fake

A bolted connection allows you to create contact between conductors made of different materials, and the diameter does not make a fundamental difference here

Screw terminal blocks are inexpensive and can be cut into the required number of cells, but they are not suitable for stranded conductors

The PPE cap is easy to put on

Bolted connection

Screw terminal blocks are inexpensive

Terminal block with clamping plate

The simplest option is self-clamping devices or. They create a reliable contact and are easy to use. Another advantage is the possibility of reusable use. Even a person very far from electrical installation can remove and reinstall WAGO.

Which option should you prefer?

To choose the right method of implementation, you should take into account the characteristics of your situation, assess the volume of future work and your skills. If we are talking about replacing a chandelier, then there is no point in learning the intricacies of welding and buying a welding machine. Here you can spend money on buying original German WAGO terminal blocks.

When there is a full-scale renovation of an apartment or house with replacement of wiring, it is more advisable to use the welding method. If you don’t have the skills to work with this equipment, then you can practice doing high-quality crimping and create all the contacts yourself.

Junction boxes often use screw or. But there is one caveat - they should be tightened periodically. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange the boxes in such a way as to ensure easy access to them for inspection.

One-piece, disposable clamps. If you need to break the connection and create a new one, you will have to cut off the old contact node

Using regular twisting and, as before, wrapping electrical tape on top is extremely dangerous. Moreover, this option is prohibited by electrical installation rules.

Technical nuances of the main types of connections

Each of the popular types of contact creation has its own characteristics. Thus, only single-core conductors of the same material can be connected by twisting.

If you need to create a contact with multi-core wires, then you need to use special tips - they compress the bundle of small wires. After installing the lug, the conductor can be connected to the terminal clamp without a clamping strip.

To make a reliable connection, stranded wires must be compressed with a special tip